MSC ORT Trauma Week 5 - Questions and Answers What are the 4 most commonly fractured bones? (Trauma Pathology) Vertebral body, Distal Radius, Proximal
... [Show More] Femur (Hip), Tibia/Fibula (Ankle) What are the 3 main causes of falls in the elderly population? (Trauma Pathology) Chronic health conditions (heart disease), Dementia, Low blood pressure (hypotension) List the long bones in the body. (Trauma Pathology) Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Femur, Tibia, Fibula How do you describe a fracture? (Trauma Pathology) Bone location, joint involvement, fracture fragments, displacement, angulation, open vs. closed, other qualities What are the 6 types of fracture fragment descriptions? (Trauma Pathology) Transverse, linear, oblique non displaced, oblique displaced, spiral, greenstick, comminuted What is a pathologic fracture? (Trauma Pathology) Something caused from an underlying disease, often time presence of lesion in the bone A fracture caused by torquing the bone is called a __________ fracture. (Trauma Fracture Classification) Spiral If a bone has a butterfly fracture it can also be called by another name, which means the same thing. It can be described as fitting in a group of fractures which are called __________ fractures collectively. (Trauma Fracture Classification) Comminuted Describe a Colles fracture. (Trauma Fracture Classification) Dorsal fracture of the distal radius What are the most common fracture classifications in orthopaedics? (Trauma Fracture Classification) AO/OTA, Gardener, Schatzker, Neer, Weber, Distal Radius Fx, Tscherne What type of diagnostic imaging can be used to diagnose a fracture? (Trauma Fracture Classification) X-Ray Describe how to read an x-ray. (Trauma Fracture Classification) An x-ray examination creates images of your internal organs or bones to help diagnose conditions or injuries. What is compartment syndrome? (Trauma Fracture Classification) Pressurized fluid in a portion of a limb How were fractures traditionally treated before internal fixation was introduced? (Trauma Early Treatment) Immobilization, traction, and amputation What types of metal are K-wires, plates, and screws used in internal fixation made of? (Trauma Early Treatment) Titanium, stainless steel What are some reasons hardware is removed? (Trauma Early Treatment) Infection, patient discomfort, hardware breakage, suspected allergic reaction What are the 2 main thread types for screws? (Trauma Early Treatment) Cortical screws and cancellous screws What is the difference between a cortical and cancellous screw? (Trauma Early Treatment) Cortical screw: smaller thread pitch, smaller thread height; stronger b/c of the bigger core, usually blunt tip, usually inserted bi-cortically for maximum fixation, tip should only extend 1-2 mm beyond the cortex. Cancellous screw: bigger thread pitch, bigger thread height; used in metaphysis of larger bones, usually not bi-cortical, partially threaded screws used as lag screws, pre-drill near cortex needed b/c of less dense bone type What are the functions of a screw? (Trauma Early Treatment) Fix fragments in place, compress two bone fragments together, anchor a wire or instrument, attach plate to the bone What are the 5 key functions of plates? (Trauma Plates and Screws) Neutralization, buttress (anti-glide), bridging, tension band, compression Explain how a buttress plate functions and what type of healing occurs (Trauma Plates and Screws) Providing support in one direction. Anti-glide. Usually around a joint What does LC-DCP stand for and why is it important? (Trauma Plates and Screws) Limited contact direct compression plate. It has a scalloped undersurface to limit bone contact which improves blood circulation Explain how locked plating works. (Trauma Plates and Screws) A locking plate does not have to precisely contact the underlying bone in all areas. When screws are tightened, they "lock" to the threaded screw holes of the plate, stabilizing the segments without pulling the bone to the plate. Can locking and non-locking screws be used in the same construct? Why or Why not? (Trauma Plates and Screws) Yes When can you use cannulated screws to fix a femoral neck fracture? (Trauma IM Nails) Fully threaded screws are intended to be used to stabilize fractures with little to no compression across the fracture What are the benefits of using an intramedullary (IM) nail? (Trauma IM Nails) Strong biomechanics (internal to the bone), less prominent hardware, very strong for early weight bearing, promotes secondary healing, easily dynamizable, relatively fast surgery, avoids opening the fracture zone What are the risks to using an intramedullary (IM) nail? (Trauma IM Nails) Rotational malalignment, joint pain, rotator cuff pain (humeral nails), pulmonary emboli, compartment syndrome When treating an intertrochanteric hip fracture, is a cephalomedullary femoral nail a better option than a compression hip screw? (Trauma IM Nails) The nail is stronger Are intramedullary reamers always used when inserting an IM nail? Why or Why not? (Trauma IM Nails) No, only for longer IM nails Why is a fracture table utilized to insert an integrate femoral nail? (Trauma IM Nails) To get better visualization What is endoprosthesis? a procedure for replacing a joint in the body that has lost its functionality (T/F) Never span a joint when using an ExFix system. (Trauma ExFix and Other Treatments) False What are the benefits of external fixation? (Trauma ExFix and Other Treatments) Tissue preserving, multi-planar, adjustable, joint spanning, avoids soft tissue damage What are the common modern-day uses of ring fixators (Ilizarov and Taylor Spatial Frame) (Trauma ExFix and Other Treatments) Deformity correction, bone/segment lengthening (osteogenesis), neutralization of internal hardware [Show Less]