inner perimeter - Answer- Where the actual crime scene took place and contains physical evidence
how big is the inner perimeter - Answer- Should be at
... [Show More] least twice the size as the actual crime scene (can always be adjusted later)
how many officers should guard the crime scene of an inner perimeter? - Answer- two
who is allowed at a crime scene - Answer- authorized investigators and crime scene investigators ONLY
crime scene log - Answer- Document that tracks who visits and enters the crime scene and for what purpose.
information on a crime scene log - Answer- date and time log began
all persons inside/entering (victims/witnesses/suspects/police)
name and agency of people entering
entry date, time and signature
reason for entry
exit date, time and signature
outer perimeter - Answer- Staging area for support personnel and equipment
what is the use of an outer perimeter? - Answer- -store equipment and supplies
-create a log of equipment assets and supplies to include date/location when deployed
-credentialed news media representatives
purpose of a rough sketch - Answer- provide an overview of the crime scene and its contents
overall photograph - Answer- take one overall photograph of person to include their face and other unique features (tattoos, clothing, jewely, etc.)
mid-range photograph - Answer- take photos of injury 2-4 feet away while keeping other distinguishing person features from overall image in view
close-up photograph - Answer- take photos of each injury from less than 2 feet away. place ruler next to injury to demonstrate size
follow-up photograph - Answer- injury bruising and swelling may intensify 2-3 days later. use the same protocols as overall, mid-range and close-up during follow-up photographs
systematic searches - Answer- are determined by circumstances and individual officer preference. more effective when done consistently
(top-down, front-back, left-right, outside-inside)
lane search - Answer- Used to cover large areas quickly for missing people or evidence
(ex. looking for a red shirt in an open field)
-divide area into equal parallel lanes go in the same direction
max width for lane and grid searches - Answer- six feet
grid search - Answer- Cover areas more thoroughly for evidence that is harder to find.
Ex. 6" knife in wooded area
- Equal parallel lanes cross over each other at 90 degrees
zone search - Answer- cover crime scenes that can be divided into obvious quadrants.
(ex. each room in a house could be a zone)
lane or grid methods can be used in each zone
Person search incident to arrest - Answer- a search incident to arrest may be made only for purposes of seizing contraband, instrumentalities or other evidence of the crime for which an arrest has been made, to prevent concealment or destruction. also to remove any weapons that could be used to escape.
best practices for strip searches - Answer- private area/not viewable to the public
no more than one additional officer present
gender of officer and suspect are the same
the officer does not touch suspect
done in a non-humiliating way consistent with department policy
search the person _____ before any containers in his or her possession - Answer- first
when can an officer search a vehicle for evidence? - Answer- they have a warrant, PC, consent or search incident to arrest
Vehicle search incident to arrest - Answer- Can only occur if the arrestee is unsecured and within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search or there is reason to believe the vehicle contains evidence relevant to the crime of arrest.
vehicle inventory must be conducted pursuant to ... - Answer- the agency's written inventory policy
what is required before the police can conduct an inventory of a vehicle? - Answer- lawful impoundment
after the arrest of the driver, impoundment (towing) of the vehicle is permissible for 4 legitimate purposes. - Answer- 1 - to protect the vehicle and its contents from theft or vandalism
2 - protect the public from dangerous items that might be in the vehicle.
3 - protect public safety where the vehicle, as parked creates a dangerous condition; or
4 - when the vehicle is parked on private property
common circumstances that allow police to lawfully impound (tow) a vehicle - Answer- abandoned vehicles
after driver's arrest when vehicle is traffic hazard
following OUI arrest
vehicle seized pending forfeiture
vehicles that are evidence of a crime
illegally parked vehicles when towing is authorized
physical evidence - Answer- tangible evidence, capable of being perceived by sense of touch.
(drugs, money, clothing, weapons, etc)
Trace Evidence - Answer- transferred from one surface to another during physical contact between people, places and objects.
often overlooked because of its microscopic size
(human hair, gunshot residue, soil, textile/wood/paint fibers)
DNA evidence - Answer- biological evidence used to connect an offender conclusively to a crime
human hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood, salvia, semen, or other bodily fluids
plastic fingerprint evidence - Answer- can be seen with the naked eye and left behind when a person's finger leaves an indention.
can be found in soap, gum, wax, etc
patent fingerprint evidence - Answer- can be seen with a naked eye and left behind when material on fingers (blood, dirt, oil, etc.) is transferred onto a surface. they can be found on paper, wood, cloth, plastic, metal and glass
Latent fingerprint evidence - Answer- cannot be seen with the naked eye and left behind when oil and sweat on finger skin are transferred to a smooth, non-porous surface. these prints are seen when exposed to chemicals or light technologies.
primary responsibility for first responders regarding trace, DNA and fingerprint evidence - Answer- identify and protect the evidence until expert assistance arrives
impression evidence - Answer- created when pressed against another with enough force to leave a matching imprint
ex. shoe prints in snow
clothing, bedding and linen evidence - Answer- items worn or used by both victims and suspects.
how to package clothing, bedding or linen evidence - Answer- dry clothing into a paper bag/cardboard box
wet into a non-porous plastic container.
wet clothing evidence storage - Answer- should not remain inside any plastic container for more than 2 hours
must be air-dried before storing
digital evidence - Answer- electronic files found in computers, flash drives, smart phones, tablets, etc.
audio/video files, images, email and text messages, police body-worn camera, recorded suspect interview
documentary evidence - Answer- paper evidence such as letters, contracts, or medical records
chain of custody - Answer- the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence
show-ups - Answer- Witnesses try to match the suspect with one person, by live appearance. generally occur at the scene of the crime.
Show up best practices - Answer- identify relevant estimator variables
control system variables
time
location
minimize suggestiveness and visual cues of custody
separate witnesses participating.
give consistent instructions
photo arrays - Answer- suspect's picture is placed with others for victim identification
the minimum amount of photos to use in a photo array - Answer- 6 is the minimum, but officers should use at least 8
how to administer the photo array - Answer- double blind
show each photo once at a time.
the suspect can be in any position, except the first
show all the photos twice, in the same order.
unsolved crimes - Answer- unsolved case status means all investigative leads were exhausted and the offender remains unknown and at large.
best practices for unsolved crimes - Answer- provide victims and witness with social services and other referral info.
complete a thorough and detailed report.
continue to monitor other crimes with similar MO
take time to re-contact victim or witness
Active Crimes - Answer- potential evidence still exists and needs to be collected, reviewed, or checked.
best practices for active crimes - Answer- continue searching for, collecting and corroborating evidence towards leads
provide victim/witness social services
conduct follow-up interviews/interrogations
conduct photo array/live lineup
send evidence for forensics testing
seek complaint or arrest warrant
detailed report
solved crimes - Answer- solved case status means an offender was identified and charged
best practices for solved crimes - Answer- continue searching for, collecting and corroborating evidence towards leads
provide social services
detailed report
coordinate with the prosecutor - keep victim/witness informed of trial dates. their participation can be critical for success
prepare for trial
best practices for testifying in court - Answer- arrive early with clean attire
use body language that projects confidence and patience (no unnecessary hand/body movement)
active listening, follow instructions
pause 2-3 seconds before answering questions
only answer what is asked, be precise
use your own words, don't memorize answers
always tell the truth
perjury - Answer- lying under oath, prosecutors can charge officers who lie under oath
define family or household members in DV (5 things) - Answer- are/were married
are/were residing in the same household
are/were related by blood or marriage
have a child in common regardless of marriage or living arrangement
are/were in a substantive dating relationship
what is a substantive dating relationship in regards to DV - Answer- length
type of relationship
frequency of interactions between parties
time since relationship ended
who has the ultimate say/decision on if the parties were in a substantive dating relationship - Answer- the officer decides.
physical abuse in DV - Answer- used to intimidate and control victims.
(includes assault, battery, threats of violence)
sexual abuse in DV - Answer- sexual assault and rape are used to intimidate, demean and demonstrate power over victims.
psychological abuse in DV - Answer- includes intimidation, verbal abuse, threats or coercive tactics ultimately to traumatize and control victims
(stalking, name calling, public humiliation, isolating victims from family, use children as leverage)
financial abuse in DV - Answer- more likely to intensify when a victim is about to leave a relationship
(limiting money/an allowance, excluding victim from financial decisions, withholding funds for victim/children, refuse child support, forbidding victim to work, stealing victim identity)
what is the cycle of violence? what are the phases? - Answer- 3 common phases found in an abusive relationship
1 - tension building
2 - incident
3 - honeymoon
phase 1 cycle of violence - tension building - Answer- increasing level of tension between abuser and victim, can last hours, months or years.
victims walk on eggshells and avoid abuser
phase 2 cycle of violence - incident - Answer- acute sexual, physical or psych abuse occurs
last for hours or occurs over several days
phase 3 cycle of violence - honeymoon - Answer- can include denials by both parties. even promise that it'll never happen again.
victims believe abuser will change "this time"
what is the most dangerous phase of the cycle of violence? - Answer- phase 2 - incident
includes, not limited to: stalking, destruction of property, rape, battery, homicide
what phase are the police called during cycle of violence - Answer- phase 2 - incident
temporarily stop violence, may escalate when they leave
how many times will a victim leave a DV relationship, until they do it for good? - Answer- 7 times
Dominant Aggressor - Answer- The person determined to be the most significant rather than the first aggressor
under 209a s6 (domestic), investigating officers must ... - Answer- immediately file a written incident report
best practices for completing an investigative report on domestics - Answer- relationship between victim/abuser
their physical condition
any alcohol/drug influence
description of injuries
description of crime scene (location of evidence, etc)
spontaneous utterances, interview statements
prior DV cases
description of evidence collected
active/expired protective orders
children
First Complaint Witness - Answer- Very 1st person the victim tells about the sexual assault.
how does the first complaint witness relate to sexual assaults - Answer- only they can testify in court, no matter how many people the victim told.
best practices for a sexual assault detailed report - Answer- relationship between victim/suspect
drug/alcohol use
injuries
description of crime scene
victim trauma, emotions, and state of mind
victim, first complaint and suspect statements
active/expired orders
children
what should officers avoid having the victim do in sexual assault reports? - Answer- write them down,
try to avoid having the victims write out a statement because they are usually incomplete/insufficient
for false reporting during a sexual assault, what needs to exist other than recantation? - Answer- evidence
(evidence other than the victim's recantation should exist)
human trafficking - Answer- forced transportation and involuntary exploitation of a person with the goal of profiting
human smuggling - Answer- when a person (smuggler) is paid to help human cross an international border illegally. a voluntary relationship that ends when the border is crossed
when does human smuggling become human trafficking? - Answer- smuggler sells the human to another or forces the human to work off their debt. Trafficking DOES NOT require a border crossing
sex trafficking - Answer- is the recruitment, harboring, transportation or obtaining of a person for the purposes of commerical sex act that are induced by force, fraud or coercion.
3 phases of sex trafficking victims - Answer- phase 1 - identify victims
phase 2 - recruit victims
phase 3 - control victims [Show Less]