how many pictures are needed for a photo array lineup? - Answer- -no less than 5
-no more than 8
what is RESPECT used for? - Answer- the steps needed
... [Show More] to conduct an objective and procedurally just criminal investigation
R (RESPECT) - Answer- R - Respond to the scene and make it safe
E - RESPECT - Answer- E - emergency care for the injured
-request EMS when needed
-document all information regarding when EMS arrived/who was treated etc..
bodily injury - Answer- substantial impairment of the physical condition
types of bodily injury - Answer- any burn
fracture of any bone
subdural hematoma
internal organ damage
serious bodily injury - Answer- bodily injury which creates a permanent disfigurement, prolonged or permanent loss of any bodily function, body member, limb or organ; or any injury that causes a substantial risk of death
overall pictures - Answer- taking a photograph of the overall scene/ person & their unique features
mid-range pictures - Answer- photos taken 2-4 ft away while keeping the overall distinguishing features from overall image in view
close-up pictures - Answer- taking photos of each injury from less than 2 feet away
place a ruler/object near injury to demonstrate size
S (RESPECT) - Answer- S - Separate and remove people
what is the reason you should remove parties from the crime scene - Answer- separating involved parties prevents influence contamination and preserves unique perspectives from forthcoming views
P (RESPECT) - Answer- P - protect the crime scene
why should the crime scene always be protected? - Answer- to prevent unnecessary contamination, destruction or tampering of evidence
what is Modus Operandi - Answer- -M.O.
-a uniqueness of technique a distinctiveness or a particularly distinguishing pattern of conduct common to the current and former incidents
how should you protect the crime scene? - Answer- -establish perimeters
-DO NOT touch/move any item within the crime scene
-keep food/drinks outside of crime scene
-identify evidence that needs protection
-identify sources of DNA
E (RESPECT) - Answer- E - Evidence collection
-can be found immediately, or days/weeks/months after the crime has been committed
chain of custody - Answer- meticulous and chronological documentation of evidence, from the moment it is seized, to it's presentation in court
C (RESPECT) - Answer- C - compare evidence with MGL criminal elements
-consider elder persons and persons with disabilities
property crimes - Answer- -larceny crimes
-property damage crimes
-value of property stolen/damaged is used to determine misdemeanors vs. felonies
dangerous weapons crimes - Answer- increased penalties for persons who use dangerous weapons to commit person crimes
types of dangerous weapons - Answer- -firearms
-other tools capable of causing bodily injury, serious bodily injury or death
T (RESPECT) - Answer- T - take action
-refer to the actions and conditions you can take in order to lawfully arrest someone
inner perimeters - Answer- where the actual crime took place and contains physical evidence
how big should the inner perimeter be? - Answer- at least twice the size of the actual crime scene
outer perimeter - Answer- a staging area for support and personal equipment
what is the outer perimeter used for? - Answer- to store equipment and supplies for a crime scene
may have a designated area for credentialed news media representatives
what is a field sketch - Answer- a rough sketch/drawing providing overview and contents of crime scene
when should you begin the field sketch? - Answer- during the initial walk through of the crime scene
how is photographing a crime scene beneficial? - Answer- photos provide visual record of the crime scene and help positively identify relevant evidence
things you would normally search - Answer- places, persons and vehicles
systematic search - Answer- top-down, front-back, left-right and outside-inside
lane search - Answer- used to cover large areas quickly for missing people of evidence
up and down
grid search - Answer- used to cover areas more thoroughly for evidence where it is harder to find crime scene characteristics
up-down, left-right
zone search - Answer- used to cover crime scenes that can be divided into obvious sections
search incident to arrest - Answer- for the purpose of seizing fruits, instrumentalities, contraband or other evidence of the crime for which an arrest was made
when can you conduct a warrantless search of persons - Answer- -when they are under arrest
-any area within their immediate control to prevent escape or harm to the public
strip search - Answer- occurs when a persons last layer of clothing is moved, but not necessarily completely removed
when can you conduct a strip search? - Answer- when you have probable cause to believe a person has a concealed weapon or other evidence of a crime
body cavity search - Answer- strip searches that extend to the visual inspection of the genital and anal areas of the body
manual body cavity search - Answer- include some degree of touching and probing
requires a search warrant by a judge
when can you search a vehicle? - Answer- -with a warrant
-probable cause
-consent
-incident to arrest
what is the scope of a vehicle search determined by? - Answer- circumstance and evidence sought
when can you begin lawful inventory of a vehicle? - Answer- when the vehicle is impounded
what are the four legitimate purposes for impounding/towing a vehicle after arrest - Answer- -Protect the vehicle and its contents from theft or vandalism
-To protect the public from dangerous items that might be in the vehicle
-To protect public safety where the vehicle, as parked, creates a dangerous condition; or
-Where the vehicle is parked on private property without the permission of the property owner as a result of a police stop, to spare the owner of the burden of having it towed
what are the circumstances for lawfully impounding a vehicle - Answer- -Abandoned vehicles
-After drivers arrest when the vehicle is a traffic hazard
-Following an OUI alcohol arrest (Melanie's law)
-Vehicles seized pending forfeiture
-Vehicles that are evidence of a crime
-Illegally parked vehicles (where towing is authorized
examples of physical evidence - Answer- drugs, money, clothing, weapons, documents/digital files, fingerprints/impressions, DNA, trace evidence
trace evidence - Answer- evidence that is transferred from one surface to another during physical contact between people, places, objects
DNA evidence - Answer- -also known as biological evidence
-human hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood, saliva, semen or other bodily fluids
fingerprint evidence - Answer- refers to human skin ridge impressions left behind on specific surfaces
how many types of finger print evidence are there? - Answer- 3
plastic fingerprint evidence - Answer- -Can be seen with the naked eye and left behind when person's finger leaves an indentation in a soft, malleable surface
-can be found in soap, gum, wax and blood
patent fingerprint evidence - Answer- -Can be seen with the naked eye and left behind when material (blood, oil, dirt etc.) on fingers is transferred on to a surface
-can be found on paper, wood, cloth, plastic, metal and glass
latent fingerprint evidence - Answer- -Cannot be se [Show Less]