Alex, age 32, has been a "hermit" all his life. He lives with his family, spends most of his time alone in his room listening to music, and says he never
... [Show More] feels particularly happy or unhappy. Six months ago, Alex was diagnosed with Brief Psychotic Disorder. Alex has never had a close relationship and says he does not mind. His symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following?
Select one:
a. Schizophreniform Disorder.
b. Major Depressive Disorder.
c. Schizoaffective Disorder.
d. Schizoid Personality Disorder. correct answer: Alex's symptoms are not explained by Brief Psychotic Disorder or other psychotic disorder and suggest that another diagnosis is appropriate.Answer D is correct: Alex's life-long isolation, indifference to social relationships, and lack of strong emotions are consistent with a diagnosis of Schizoid Personality Disorder.Answer A is incorrect: Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by symptoms similar to those associated with Schizophrenia except that their duration is one month to less than six months. Because Alex was diagnosed with Brief Psychotic Disorder, we know that the duration of his psychotic symptoms did not exceed one month. Moreover, he is not currently experiencing psychotic symptoms.Answer B is incorrect: You can rule out Major Depressive Disorder since there are no obvious symptoms of a major depressive episode. In addition, Alex's symptoms have been life-long.Answer C is incorrect: Schizoaffective Disorder requires a combination of psychotic symptoms and mood episodes.
The correct answer is: Schizoid Personality Disorder.
The symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder are categorized in three groups in the DSM-5. These groups are:
Select one:
a. destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules.
b. negativistic, defiant, and hostile behavior.
c. deceitfulness or dishonesty, irritability or aggressiveness, and failure to conform to social norms.
d. angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. correct answer: Answer D is correct: Angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness are the three categories of symptoms included in the DSM-5 for Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
Answer A is incorrect: These are three of the four categories of symptoms included in the DSM-5 for Conduct Disorder (the fourth is aggression to people and animals).
The correct answer is: angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and vindictiveness.
Marissa is 23 and has come to you because she is finding it difficult to care about her graduate work in accounting, her job, or her hobbies of tennis and sailing. In addition, she complains that she is feeling real despair for the first time in her life. She is irritable with friends and is having trouble sleeping. She does state, however, that she is happy she has lost her appetite. She has felt this way for three weeks. Your first action with the client would be which of the following?
Select one:
a. consultation with a physician
b. assessment of her potential for suicide
c. contacting her family
d. behavioral therapy to relieve her depression correct answer: You were asked to identify your first action.
Answer B is correct: The client's feelings of despair suggest that the first intervention should be an assessment of potential for suicide.
Answer A is incorrect: Note that this suggests "consultation" with a physician. Had this suggested referral for a medical evaluation, it would also have been an important first step.
Answer C is incorrect: If you assessed that Marissa's potential for suicide was high, you could contact her family to enlist their help in protecting her from a suicide attempt, and you could do this without Marissa's permission if necessary. Before you have performed a suicide assessment, however, this action, without prior written permission from Marissa, would represent an unethical breach of her confidentiality. (You might, alternatively, have interpreted "contacting her family" as suggesting a means of collecting collateral information for your assessment; here too, however you would need to get Marissa's written permission beforehand in order to avoid an unethical breach of confidentiality.)
Answer D is incorrect: This might be effective later but it certainly isn't the best first step, as it ignores the possibility that this client might be suicidal.
The correct answer is: assessment of her potential for suicide
Your client is an 11-year-old boy who has a history of behavioral problems. At school, the boy disturbs his classmates whenever the teacher asks the students to work independently on assignments in the classroom. He talks, makes noises, and throws paper wads and pencils to disrupt the other students and avoid doing his own work. He is easily annoyed and often loses his temper. The most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for this boy is which of the following?
Select one:
a. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
b. ADHD
c. Conduct Disorder
d. Intermittent Explosive Disorder correct answer: Answer A is correct: Although the information provided is too limited to make a firm diagnosis (e.g., you don't know the duration of the boy's symptoms or how he behaves at home and in other settings), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is the most likely diagnosis. The boy has a history of behavioral problems and appears to be deliberately annoying others and resisting or defying his teacher's requests, and he is easily annoyed and often loses his temper. As described in the DSM-5, ODD is characterized by a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness. The boy's symptoms do not meet the criteria for inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity required for a diagnosis of ADHD and aren't sufficiently severe for a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder or Intermittent Explosive Disorder.
The correct answer is: Oppositional Defiant Disorder [Show Less]