Our Design
Humans have evolved to be physically active. The human body responds well to the physical demands of PA. The human body does not respond well
... [Show More] to being sedentary. Our very survival has depended on physical activity for most of our existence
Selective pressures
Environmental factor that affects the reproduction capabilities of a species
Environmental mismatch
The selective pressures that favoured a capacity for physical activity are no longer present. We have designed our environment to minimize physical activity
Public Health
a multidisciplinary field that aims to promote health and prevent disease in specific populations and communities
5 Pillars of Public Health:
1. Epidemiology and disease control: The study of distributions and determinants of disability and disease in populations
Distributions-Where are they located?
Determinants- What causes specific diseases/disabilities?
2. Environmental Health: The study of how our environment influences our health
3. Health Promotion and Education: How can we enhance the health of the population
4. Health Administration and Policy: Delivery of health services (by laws, rules, regulations designed to promote health)
5. Biostatistics: Analysis of health data: Focus on statistic towards biology
Communicable disease:
Infectious disease, disease caused by pathogens such as viruses/bacteria
Non-communicable disease:
Chronic disease, diseases that develop over a long period of time like diabetes, cancer and heart disease
Top 10 Causes of death in 2013:
1. Cancer
2. Heart disease
3. Stroke
4. Chronic, lower respiratory diseases
5. Accidents
6. Diabetes
7. Influenza and pneumonia
8. Alzheimer's
9. Self harm
10. Kidney disease
Public Health
encompasses many disciplines in effort to promote and protect health and prevent disease and disability in defined populations and communities
medicine
Medicine is more interested in treatment of and cures for diseases and disabilities in individuals
Epidemiology
he study of distribution and determinants of disease and disability in populations
Environmental
all that is external to the host organism
Health and promotion
how do we deal with health threats
Health administration and policy
Focuses on the delivery of public health services
Biostatistics
relies on both qualitative and quantitative methods to move from knowledge to action
WHO principles of health promotion
• Empowerment and inclusion: empower individuals and communities
• Intersectoral collaboration: health programs should be directed at relevant determinants or causes of health
• Multidimensional: should use all tools possible
• Participatory: strive to be inclusive to maximize participation
• Advocacy: people with interest is health should take responsibility for health promotion
Physical activity and public health
is a field of study that looks at the health effects and risks of physical activity and ways to help people become active and maintain a healthy level of activity throughout their lives
What is a chronic disease?
Conditions and illnesses that occur or develop over relatively long period of time, are prolonged may be preventable but are rarely completely cured
What is Infectious disease?
Illnesses or conditions that are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. Most infectious diseases can be cured or treated or controlled with medicines, vaccines or other measures.
Public Health Surveillance:
Ongoing systematic collection analysis, and interpretation of data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of the public health practice. Surveillance is critical to public health function because it helps us understand the extent of a health problem and the types of people and populations that may be at higher risk of that health problem.
Community Interventions:
seek small but important changes that relate to the majority of the population within an identified community
The science behind interventions is established during projects called efficacy trials.
efficacy trials
studies that are used to establish that a certain intervention or public health program can change a certain condition
Physical Activity
Any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure
Exercise
Specific type of physical activity that is planned, [Show Less]