physics
the study of forces, energy, motion
Chemistry
study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form various
... [Show More] substances.
Earth Science
Earth's structure and composition, as well as the processes that change Earth, such as volcanic and seismic activity.
astronomy
The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
Science
An organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
Precision
a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
SI
is a scientific method of expressing the magnitudes or quantities of important natural phenomena. There are seven base units in the system, from which other units are derived. Universal for comparing data.
physical science
the sciences concerned with the study of inanimate natural objects, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and related subjects.
life science
the study of living things
controlled experiment
An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time. Or a condition that is being held constant
independent variable
what is being changed
dependent variable
what is being measured
control
In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
Observational experiment or study
studies attempt to understand cause-and-effect relationships. However, unlike experiments, the researcher is not able to control (1) how subjects are assigned to groups and/or (2) which treatments each group receives. ... Therefore, a sample survey is an example of an observational study.
field study
a research investigation carried out in a naturally occurring setting
laboratory study
Research done in a laboratory
Physical Model
A physical representation of an object. Prototypes and appearance models are physical models.
conceptual model
a verbal or graphical explanation for how a system works or is organized
mathematical model
one or more equations that represent the way a system or process works
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Theory
A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data. Explains why something happened.
Law
A law in science is a generalized rule to explain a body of observations in the form of a verbal or mathematical statement. Scientific laws (also known as natural laws) imply a cause and effect between the observed elements and must always apply under the same conditions. Explains how it happened not why.
Observation
Information obtained through the senses.
evidence
proof
Data
Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis
Big Bang Theory
Cosmological model that explains the sudden development of the universe through expansion from a hot, dense state.
plate tectonics
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
atomic theory
a theory that states that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
gram
a metric unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a kilogram.
meter
The meter is the basic unit of length in the SI system of units. ... The previous definition of the meter was one ten-millionth of the distance from the geographic north pole to the equator, measured over the earth's surface in a circle running through Paris, France.
second
SI base unit for time
Celsius
Metric unit for measuring temperature; On this scale water freezes at zero and boils at 100.
Kelvin
The SI base unit of temperature
liter
Basic unit of volume in the metric system
Metric Prefixes
Giga, Mega, Kilo, deci, centi, milli, micro, nano
derived unit
A unit defined by a combination of base units
direct relationship
a relationship in which one variable increases with an increase in another variable
inverse relationship
a relationship in which one variable decreases when another variable increases
Speed
The distance an object travels per unit of time
Velocity
Speed in a given direction
Acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change
distance
The length of a path between two points
Displacement
Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point.
Balance force
Equal forces acting on one object in opposite direction. These forces then give a 0 net force, causing the object to stay in place.
unequal force
unbalanced forces cause a change in motion; speed. and/or direction. When two forces act in the same direction on an object, the net force is. equal to the sum of the two forces. When two unequal forces act in opposite directions.
net force
The combination of all forces acting on an object
Newton's First Law
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
Newton's Second Law
Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Friction
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
Gravity
Gravity is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center. The force of gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit around the sun.
gravitational force
an attractive force that acts between any two objects
Momentum
the force or speed with which something moves
law of conservation of momentum
One of the most powerful laws in physics is the law of momentum conservation. ... For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated system, the total momentum of the two objects before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the two objects after the collision.
work
Force exerted on an object that causes it to move
Energy
the ability to do work
potential energy
Energy that is stored and held in readiness
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
gravitational potential energy
Energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's surface.
chemical potential energy
the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance
elastic potential energy
the energy of stretched or compressed objects
electrical energy
The energy of electric charges
electromagnetic energy
Electromagnetic energy is a term used to describe all the different kinds of energies released into space by stars such as the Sun. These kinds of energies include some that you will recognize and some that will sound strange
thermal energy
Heat energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place
oscillation
the act or state of swinging back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythm
Equilibrium
A state of balance
medium
The material through which a wave travels is called a
Gases (air), liquids, solids
mechanical wave
A wave that requires a medium through which to travel
electromagnetic waves
A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space.
transverse wave
A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
longitudinal wave
A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels. Compressed
Compression
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together.
expansion
an increase in the volume of a substance while its mass remains the same. Expansion is usually due to heating. When substances are heated, the molecular bonds between their particles are weakened, and the particles move faster, causing the substance to expand.
Rarefaction
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are far apart
Wavelength
The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
Frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
Amplitude
the height of a wave's crest or how intense
Crest
Highest point of a wave (peak)
Trough
lowest point of a wavelength
Period of a wave
Time for one complete waveform to travel
electromagnetic spectrum
All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
radio waves
Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies
microwave
very short electromagnetic wave; microwave oven (oven that cooks quickly by using microwaves)
Infrared
Electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than the red of visible light.
visable light
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
ultraviolet light
Electromagnetic radiation of several wavelengths is used to control microbial growth
X-ray
A form of energy that travels in waves that can pass through some living tissue, but not through bone.
gamma rays
Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies
pitch
a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
Loudness
A physical response to the intensity of sound, modified by physical factors
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
Basic unit of matter
Protron
partical that carries a positive charge
Neutron
A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge [Show Less]