Embryo and neonate weeks 3-4 Correct Ans:- A primitive milk streak running bilaterally
... [Show More] from axilla to groin
Embryo and neonate
Weeks 4-5 Correct Ans:- Milk streak becomes mammary milk ridge or milk line . Paired breasts develop from this line of glandular tissue
Embryo and neonate weeks 7/8 Correct Ans:- Thickening and inward growth into chest wall continue
Embryo and neonate weeks 12-16 Correct Ans:- Specialized cells differentiate into smooth muscle of nipple and areola
- epithelial cells develop into mammary buds
- epithelial branches form to eventually become alveoli
Embryo and neonate weeks 15-25 Correct Ans:- Epithelial strips are formed which represent future secretory alveoli
- lactiferous ducts and their branches form and open into a shallow epithelial depression known as the mammary pit
- the mammary pit becomes elevated forming the nipple and the areola
- an inverted nipple results when the pit fails to elevate
Embryo and neonate
After 32 weeks Correct Ans:- A lumen ( canal ) forms in each part of the branching system
Embryo and neonate
Near term Correct Ans:- 15-25 mammary ducts form the fetal mammary gland
Neonate Correct Ans:- - galactorrhea ( witch's milk ) : secretion of colostral like fluid neonate mammary tissue resulting from influence of maternal hormones
- recommended not to express neonatal colostrum because this might lead to mastitis in the newborn
Puberty Correct Ans:- 1. Breasts keep pace with general physical growth
2. Growth of the breast parenchyma produces ducts , lobes, alveoli, and surrounding fat pad
3. Onset of menses at 10-12 continues development of the breast
- primary and secondary ducts grow and divide .
- terminal end buds form , which later become alveoli (small sacs where milk is secreted ) in the mature breast
- proliferation and active growth of duct tissue takes place during each period and continues to about 35 years of age
Pregnancy breast
Development Correct Ans:- 1. Complete development of mammary function occurs only in pregnancy
2. Breast size increases , skin appears thinner , and veins become more prominent
3. Areola diameter increases - Montgomery glands enlarge , and nipple pigment darkens
Anomalies in breast
Development Correct Ans:- 1. Illnesses, chemo, therapeutic radiation to the chest , chest surgery , or injuries to the chest might affect development
2. Programmed apoptosis ( cell death ) has been suggested as one reason for lower breast cancer rates in bf women
Exterior breast Correct Ans:- Located in the superficial fascia ( fibrous tissue beneath skin) between 2nd rib and 6th intercostal space
Tail of spence Correct Ans:- Mammary glandular tissue that projects into the axillary region
- distinguished from the supernumerary tissue because it connects to the duct system
- potential are of milk pooling and mastitis
Skin surface of
Breast contains Correct Ans:- Nipple, areola, and Montgomery glands
Size Correct Ans:- Not related to functional capacity
Gives breast it's
Shape and size Correct Ans:- Fat composition
Size may indicate Correct Ans:- Milk storage potential
Nipple Correct Ans:- Conical elevation located slightly below center of areola
Average diameter of
Nipple Correct Ans:- 1.6cm
Average length of
Nipple Correct Ans:- 0.7 cm
Hoe many milk
Duct openings
In nipple Correct Ans:- 5-10
Smooth muscle fibers
Function as a Correct Ans:- Closure mechanism to keep milk from continuously leaking from the nipple
The nipple is
Densely innervated
With Correct Ans:- Sensory nerve endings
What makes the nipple erect when contracted Correct Ans:- Longitudinal inner muscles and outer circular and radial muscles
Venostasis Correct Ans:- Slows blood flow and decreases surface area
Areola Correct Ans:- Dark pigmented area that surrounds the nipple - elastic like nipple
Average diameter
Of areola Correct Ans:- 6.4 cm
Areola is constructed
Of Correct Ans:- Smooth muscle and collagenous , elastic , connective tissue fibers in radial and circular arrangement
How does the nipple
Aid infant in latching Correct Ans:- Becomes smaller , firmer, and more prominent
What happens to
Areola in pregnancy Correct Ans:- Darkens and enlarges
Where are montgomerys tubercules located Correct Ans:- Around the areola
The Montgomery tubercules contain Correct Ans:- Ductal openings of the sebaceous and lactiferous glands and sweat glands
What happens to Montgomery glands in pregnancy Correct Ans:- They enlarge and resemble small , raised pimples
The Montgomery glands secrete ? Correct Ans:- A substance that lubricates and protects the nipple
Some secrete a small amount of milk
Secretions of the Montgomery gland may produce ? Correct Ans:- A scent to help the infant locate the nipple
Parenchyma are Correct Ans:- Functional parts of the breast [Show Less]