Hypoplasia/ Amastia - correct answer abnormally shaped breasts with insufficient glandular tissue
-widely spaced
-asymmetric
-pt may have had breast
... [Show More] augmentation to correct appearance
-few breast changes during pregnancy
-no engorgement postpartum
-possible connection to thyroid disease
-low supply likely
-monitor infant growth
-counseling necessary
-may improve with subsequent pregnancies
-utilize pumping/galactogogues
Galactorrhea - correct answer spontaneous lactation, milk production post weaning
-d/t medications or health problem
Hyperprolactinemia - correct answer elevated prolactin levels
-d/t hypo or hyperthyroidism, psychosis/anxiety meds, renal failure, pituitary/uterine/ovarian tumors
Pitting edema - correct answer excessive swelling
-d/t breast abscess, cancer, malignant condition: peau d'orange, trauma to breast, inflammation of breast, obstruction of milk ducts/glands, benign breast lump/cyst
Candidiasis (thrush) - correct answer yeast infection, likely candida
-d/t nipple trauma, mastitis, antibiotic use, vaginal yeast infection, contraceptives, steriods
-passed between mom and baby: treat both
-thrush can cause gassy/fussy baby
-mother c/o nipple/areolar pain, burning and radiating through breast
-areola appears shiny pink
-use good cleaning techniques
-don't stop breastfeeding
-tx with nystatin/diflucan
-keep nipples dry, use clean breast pads, expose breasts to sunlight, decease sugar and dairy
Vasospasm/Raynaud's - correct answer stinging, tingling, burning with triphasic color changes: white/blue/red
-triggered by emotional stress, cold; infants who clench, chew, bite the nipple
-initiate let down before putting baby to breast
-feed on less tender side first, ensure good positioning
-avoid cold, apply heat, cover nipples, avoid caffeine, nicotine
-use ibuprofen, nifedipine, compress end of nipple
-more common with: scleroderma, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension
Engorgement - correct answer Normal: fullness when tissues swell from milk "coming in."
Pathologic: hard, tight, shiny, red, painful, unable to extract milk, can be aggravated by mismanagement of breastfeeding [Show Less]