What is the name of the hormone that induces amenorrhea?
progesterone
Progesterone makes your temperature
increase after
... [Show More] ovulation
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy: Presumptive signs include
-amenorrhea
-N/V
-urinary frequency
-breast tenderness
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy - Presumptive Signs: What can be one of the first signs of pregnancy?
urinary frequency
amenorrhea
N/V
breast tenderness
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy - Presumptive Signs: Why is breast tenderness is presumptive sign of pregnancy?
because of the excess hormones in the body
Probable signs of pregnancy include...
-positive pregnancy test
-Goodell's sign
-Chadwick's sign
-Hegar's sign
-uterine enlargement
-Braxton Hicks contractions
-pigmentation changes of skin
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy - Probable Signs: A positive pregnancy test is based on the presence of
hCG levels
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy - Probable Signs: There are other conditions that can increase hCG levels like
hydatidiform (molar pregnancy) or some other medications
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy - Probable Signs: What is hydatidiform (molar pregnancy)?
benign neoplasm of grape-like vesicles that can become malignant
If a hydatidiform (molar pregnancy) is not malignant
a D & C is required with close follow-up for 6 months to 1 year
Probable Signs: What is Goodell's sign?
softening of the cervix during the second month
Probable Signs: What is Chadwick's sign?
bluish color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix during the 4th week d/t vasocongestion
Probable Signs: What is Hegar's sign?
softening of the lower uterine segment during the 2nd/3rd month
Probable Signs: Braxton Hicks contractions occur when and for what purpose?
they occur throughout pregnancy and move blood through the placenta
Probable Signs: What skin pigmentation changes occur?
-linea nigra
-facial chloasma
-abdomen striae
-darkening of the areola
Positive signs of pregnancy include
-fetal hearbeat
-fetal movement
-ultrasound
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy - Positive Signs: Fetal heartbeat can be heard with a doppler weeks
10 to 12
Positive Signs: Fetal heartbeat can be heard with a fetoscope weeks
17 to 20
Pregnancy Terms: Terms include
-gravidity
-parity
-viability
-TPAL
Pregnancy Terms: What is gravidity?
the number of times someone has been pregnant
Pregnancy Terms: What is parity?
the number of pregnancies in which the fetus reaches 20 weeks
Pregnancy Terms: What is viability?
when an infant has the ability to live outside the uterus
Pregnancy Terms: The age of viability is
24 weeks; anything less is NOT considered viable
Pregnancy Terms - TPAL: What does this acronym stand for?
T - term
P - preterm
A - abortion (includes spontaneous and elective)
L - living children
Pregnancy Terms - TPAL: Bleeding, cramping, backache...think
miscarriage
Pregnancy Terms - TPAL: With an imminent miscarriage, the _________________ will begin to drop
hCG level
Pregnancy Terms - TPAL: Most miscarriages occur before
20 weeks
Pregnancy Terms - Naegle's Rule for the EDD: Steps to calculate
1. find the first day of the LMP
2. add 7 days
3. subtract 3 months
4. add 1 year
Pregnancy Terms - Naegle's Rule for the EDD: This rule is only accurate plus or minus
2 weeks
Trimesters of Pregnancy - First Trimester: This trimester is weeks
1 through 13
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: During this trimester it is important to teach the client about
-nutrition
-weight gain
-prenatal vitamin supplements
-exercise
-danger signs and potential complication of maternity
-common discomforts
-medications
-smoking
-primary healthcare provider visits
-ultrasounds
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Increase protein intake to
60 grams per day (40-45 is normal)
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Regarding culture, consider nutritional influences such as
-hot vs cold foods
-Kosher foods
-fasting
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: The client should expect to gain ___________________ pounds in the first trimester and will also be dependent on what the _______________________ is
1 to 4; starting BMI
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What are the biggest complaints with iron?
constipation and GI upset
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Always take iron with __________ and why?
vitamin C because it prevents GI upset and enhances absorption
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Folic acid prevents
neural tube defects
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What is the daily dose of folic acid?
400 mcg/day
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What are some iron-rich foods?
-liver
-spinach
-lentils
-raisins
-fortified cereal
-dark chocolate
-dried fruit
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Regarding exercise, NO _____________
high impact exercise
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What are the best exercises to do?
walking and swimming
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: NO heavy exercise program, but can
continue regular exercise program
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: When exercising, you do NOT want your heart rate to get above
140
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: If the HR goes over 140 bpm
there will be decreased CO and decreased uterine perfusion
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: We do not want these patients to get ________________ so NO ______________________ because these will _____________________________ and can cause __________________
overheated; hot tubs or heating blankets; increase body temperature; birth defects
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What are some danger signs and potential complications of maternity?
-sudden gush of vaginal fluid
-bleeding
-persistent vomiting
-severe H/A
-abdominal pain
-increased temps
-edema
-NO fetal movement
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What is the most common complaint associated with poor outcomes?
no fetal movement
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What are common discomforts during this trimester?
-constipation
-ankle edema
-N/V
-breast tenderness
-urinary frequency
-tender gums
-fatigue
-heartburn
-increased vaginal secretions
-nasal congestion
-varicose veins
-hemorrhoids
-backache
-leg cramps
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What are you going to tell the pregnant person about taking medications?
NO medication
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What is smoking during pregnancy associated with?
-small for gestational age
-low birth weight babies
-cleft lip or palate
-placental abruption
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: The risk for placental abruption doubles with
smoking
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: How often should a pregnant client visit the primary healthcare provider during the first 28 weeks?
once a month
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: How often should a pregnant client visit the primary healthcare provider during weeks 28-36 weeks?
every 2 weeks (twice a month)
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: How often should a pregnant client visit the primary healthcare provider after 36 weeks?
weekly until delivery
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Before an ultrasound, what will you ask the client to do?
drink water
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: Why do you have the client drink water before an ultrasound?
to distend the bladder and push the uterus up closer to the abdominal surface because it makes an easier to get a good picture
First Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: With an ultrasound before a procedure what do you have the client do?
void
Second Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: What is the recommended calorie increase during this time?
300 calories per day
Second Trimester - Client Education/Teaching: If the client is an adolescent they can increase their calories by
500 a day
Second Trimester - Weight Gain: What is the expected weight gain during this trimester?
in general, 1 lb
Second Trimester - Weight Gain: This is variable depending on
the woman's BMI pre-pregnancy
Second Trimester: Should the client still be experiencing nausea and vomiting?
no
Second Trimester: Should the client still be experiencing breast tenderness?
yes
Second Trimester: Should the client still be experiencing urinary frequency?
no, because the uterus rises and relieves pressure on the bladder
Second Trimester: What is quickening and when does it happen?
fetal movement around 16-20 weeks
Second Trimester - Fetal Heart Rate: What should the fetal heart rate be during the second trimester?
110-160
Second Trimester - Fetal Heart Rate: If the fetal heart rate is less than 110
panic!
Second Trimester - Kegel Exercise: The patient should do these frequently to
strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles
Second Trimester - Kegel Exercise: The pubococcygeal muscles help
stop the urine flow
Second Trimester - Kegel Exercise: The pubococcygeal muscles keep
your uterus from falling out
Third Trimester: This is weeks
27 through 40
Third Trimester: A pregnancy is considered term if it advances to
37 to 40 weeks
Third Trimester - Assessment: What is the expected weight gain per week during this trimester?
no more than a pound per week
Third Trimester - Assessment: Monitor ______ and report ______________________
BP; any increases from the baseline
Third Trimester - Assessment: Pre-eclampsia develops after
20 weeks gestation
Third Trimester - Assessment: With the development of pre-eclampsia, the client will have
-increased BP (160/110 or greater)
-proteinuria
-edema
Third Trimester - Assessment: 2 or more pounds of weight gain in a week, watch closely and worry about
possible pre-eclampsia
Third Trimester - Assessment: The client with pre-eclampsia can have
a seizure
Third Trimester - Assessment: What is the drug of choice for severe pre-eclampsia?
magnesium sulfate
Third Trimester - Assessment: Magnesium sulfate is given ________, in __________________, and under _____________________
IV; hospital setting; close supervision
Third Trimester - Assessment: Pre-eclampsia is defined as
BP of 160/110 or greater that is documented 6 hours apart
Third Trimester - Assessment: What does magnesium sulfate do?
-acts like an anticonvulsant
-sedates
-vasodilates
Third Trimester - Assessment: What is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?
the seizure
Third Trimester - Assessment: It is called eclampsia when
they have a seizure
Third Trimester - Assessment: What should the fetal heart rate be during this trimester?
110-160
Third Trimester - Assessment: How is fetal position/presentation determined?
Leopold ma [Show Less]