Wellness - Answer- A way of life that integrates body, mind, and spirit
Nutrients - Answer- Chemical substances in food, necessary for good
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Goiter - Answer- Enlarged tissue of the thyroid gland due a deficiency of iodine
Anthropometric measurements - Answer- Height, weight, head chest, skinfold
6 classes of nutrients - Answer- Carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
What do each class do? - Answer- Carbs and fats- provide energy
Proteins- repair muscle tissue
Vitamins, minerals, water- regulate body processes
Well nourished people? - Answer- Good hair, nails, emotional, physical, posture, bright eyes
Malnourished - Answer- Bad hair, nails, bloated abdomen, dark eyes
How does nutrition relate to health? - Answer- Bad nutrition is reflected on health. It can cause diseases affecting health.
4 steps of nutrition assessment - Answer- 1. Anthropometric measurements 2. Clinical exam 3. Biochemical test 4. Dietary and social history
Balanced diet - Answer- Includes all 6 classes of nutrients and calories in amounts that preserve and promote good health
Dietary guidelines and why? - Answer- A-adequate nutrients within calorie needs
W-weight management
P-physical activity
F-foods to encourage
F-fats
C-carbs
S- sodium and potassium
A- alcoholic
F-food safety
5 divisions in MyPlate - Answer- Fruits, veggies, grain, protein, dairy
5 things found on food label - Answer- Total calories, calories from fat, fats, cholesterol, sodium
Metabolism - Answer- The actual use of food as fuel, resulting in energy
Peristalsis - Answer- Rhythmical movement of the intestinal tract; moves the chyme
Chyme - Answer- The food mass after being mixed with gastric juices
Chemical digestion - Answer- Food changes chemically because of hydrolysis
Hydrolysis - Answer- The addition of water resulting in the breakdown of a molecule
Catalyst - Answer- A substance that causes another substance to react
Bolus - Answer- Food in the mouth that's ready to be swallowed
Amylase - Answer- Enzyme released in stomach that breaks down carbs
Salivary amylase - Answer- Enzyme released in saliva that acts on starch
Cardiac sphincter - Answer- Opens to allow passage from bolus to stomach
Pancreatic amylase - Answer- Convert starches (polysaccharides) to simple sugars
Pancreatic lipase - Answer- Reduces fats to fatty acid and glycerol
Pancreatic proteases - Answer- Just like pepsin but is secreted through the pancreas
Pepsin - Answer- Pepsin, released by stomach, breaks down protein
Digestion - Answer- Process where food is broken down
Lactase - Answer- Enzyme that breaks down lactose into a simple sugar
Maltase - Answer- Enzyme that breaks down maltose into a simple sugar
Sucrase - Answer- Enzyme that breaks down sucrose into a simple sugar
Colon - Answer- Also known as the large intestine
Three parts of large intestine - Answer- Cecum, colon, rectum
Absorption - Answer- Passage of nutrients into the blood or lymphatic system
Lymphatic system - Answer- Transports fat soluble substances from the small intestine to the vascular system
Villi - Answer- Tiny hairlike structures in the small intestine through which nutrients are absorbed
Capillaries - Answer- Tiny blood vessels connecting veins and arteries
Lacteals - Answer- Lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fatty acids and glycerol
Duodenum - Answer- The first (and smallest) section of the small intestine
Jejunum - Answer- Middle section comprising about 2/5 of the small intestines
Ileum - Answer- Last part of small intestine
List the order of GI tract - Answer- Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon...
Aerobic metabolism - Answer- Combines nutrients with oxygen within the cell, oxidation
Anaerobic metabolism - Answer- Reduces fat w/o use of oxygen
Krebs cycle - Answer- A series of enzymatic reactions that serve as the main source of cellular energy. The complete oxidation of carbs, proteins, and fats.
Anabolism - Answer- The creation of new compounds during metabolism
Catabolism - Answer- The breakdown of compounds during metabolism
Process of metabolism - Answer- This building up (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism) is a continuous process (metabolism) within the body and requires a
continuous supply of nutrients
Bile - Answer- Secreted by the liver, stored in gallbladder, essential for the digestion of fat
Ketones - Answer- Acids that accumulate in the blood and urine upsetting the acid-base balance.
Ketoacidosis - Answer- Condition in which ketones collect in the blood; caused by insufficient glucose available for energy
Monosaccharides - Answer- Glucose, galactose, fructose
Disaccharides - Answer- Sucrose, maltose, lactose
Polysaccharides - Answer- Starch, glycogen, glucagon, fiber
Cellulose - Answer- Indigestible carbs; provide fiber
Glycogen - Answer- Storage form of glucose in the body
Glucagon - Answer- Helps the liver convert glycogen to glucose as needed for energy
Lignins - Answer- Dietary fiber found in the Woody parts of plants
Triglycerides - Answer- Are attached to a framework of glycerone
Saturated fats - Answer- Each of its carbon atoms carries all the hydrogen atoms possible. no more than 7% of total daily calories
Monounsaturated fats - Answer- Fats that are neither saturated nor polyunsaturated and are thought to play little part in atherosclerosis. (Olive oil)
Polyunsaturated fat - Answer- Facts who is carbon atoms contained only limited amount of hydrogen. (Omega-3)
Lipoproteins - Answer- Carriers of fat in blood. created by proteins combining with the final product of fat digestion
Cholesterol - Answer- Fat like substance that is a constituent of body cells; it is synthesized in the liver; also available in animal foods
DRI saturated - Answer- >/= 7%
DRI polyunsaturated - Answer- = 10%
DRI monounsaturated - Answer- = 20%
Gerontology - Answer- The study of ageing
Physiological - Answer- Relating to body functions
Dentition - Answer- Arrangement, type, and number of teeth
Food faddists - Answer- People who have certain beliefs about particular foods or diets
Estrogen - Answer- Hormone secreted by the ovaries
Periodontal disease - Answer- Disease of the mouth and gums
Arthritis - Answer- Chronic disease involving the joints
Occlusions - Answer- Blockages
Ghrelin - Answer- Hormone released from the stomach and signals the hypothalamus that it's time to eat
Leptin - Answer- An appetite-suppressing hormone involved in maintenance of body composition
Fat cell theory - Answer- A belief that fat cells have a natural drive to regain any weight lost
Setpoint theory - Answer- A belief believe that individuals have a natural weight at which the body is most comfortable
Hypothyroidism - Answer- A condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too little of tyroxine and T3 resulting in a lower basal metabolic rate
Subcutaneous fat - Answer- Fat stored directly under the skin
Visceral fat - Answer- Fat stored within the abdominal cavity
Plateau period - Answer- Period in which there is no change in weight
Yo-yo effect - Answer- When a dieters weight goes up and down over a short period due to swings in eating
Tastant - Answer- Chemical that stimulates the sensory cells in the taste bud
Hyperthyroidism - Answer- Condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too much thyroxine and T3 resulting in an unusually high metabolism
Diabetes mellitus - Answer- Chronic disease in which the body lacks the ability to metabolize glucose
Polyuria - Answer- Excessive urination
Glycosuria - Answer- Excess sugar in urine
Polydipsia - Answer- Abnormal thirst
Polyphagia - Answer- Excess hunger
Ketoacidosis - Answer- Unconsciousness caused by a state of acidosis due you to too much sugar or too little insulin
Neuropathy - Answer- Nerve damage
Nephropathy - Answer- Kidney damage
Retinopathy - Answer- Damage to small blood vessels in the eyes
Dyslipidemia - Answer- Increased lipid in the blood
Aspartame - Answer- Artificial sweetener
Exogenous insulin - Answer- Insulin produced outside of the body
Endogenous - Answer- Insulin produced within the body
Compensated heart disease - Answer- Heart disease in which the heart is able to maintain circulation to all body parts
Decompensated heart disease - Answer- Heart disease in which the heart cannot maintain circulation to all body parts
Myocardium - Answer- Heart muscle
Endocardium - Answer- Lining of the heart
Pericardium - Answer- Outer covering of the heart
Arteriosclerosis - Answer- Hardening of the arteries
Vascular disease - Answer- Disease of the blood vessels
Lumen - Answer- The hollow area in a tube
Ischemia - Answer- Reduced bloodflow causing inadequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to, and wastes from, tissues
Angina pectoris - Answer- Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply
Thrombus - Answer- Blood clot
Infarct - Answer- Dead tissue resulting from a blocked artery
Cerebrovascular accident - Answer- [Show Less]