16. Although clinical manifestations vary with the type
of cancer and organs involved, the oncology nurses have
observed that the most frequent side
... [Show More] effects clients with
cancer experience are: Select all that apply.
A) Copious lymph flow
B) Sleep disturbances
C) Involuntary weight gain
D) Visceral organ expansion
E) Lack of energy
Ans: B, E
Feedback:
Neoplasia is nearly always accompanied by sleep
disturbances and fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue is
characterized by feelings of tiredness, weakness, and lack of
energy and is distinct from the normal tiredness
experienced by healthy individuals in that it is not relieved
by rest or sleep. Tissue growth often compresses and
obstructs lymph flow and compresses visceral organs and
adjacent structures. The cachexia of cancer is associated
with unplanned rapid weight loss and wasting of body fat as
tumor growth demands more caloric energy than the body
can supply.
17. Paraneoplastic syndromes are manifestations of
cancer that often result from:
A) Radiation and chemotherapy
B) Compression of area vessels
C) Tumor-related tissue necrosis
D) Inappropriate hormone release
Ans: D
Feedback:
Paraneoplastic syndromes are manifestations in sites that
are not directly affected by the disease; many are caused by
excessive or inappropriate peptide hormone synthesis and
release by cancer cells. Radiation and chemotherapy are
cancer treatments that cause side effects unrelated to the
paraneoplastic syndromes. Area vessel compression is a
direct result of the tumor's location; area tissue necrosis is a
direct result of area tissue destruction and death of healthy
cells.
18. A client with nonspecific signs/symptoms has gone
to the primary health care provider. The client's chief
complaints revolve around extreme fatigue, unplanned
weight loss, and being so weak in the muscles. The
diagnostic workup included a carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA) tumor marker. The CEA result was elevated. The nurse
should anticipate the physician will order which of the
following diagnostic tests related to the elevated CEA?
Select all that apply.
A) Testicular ultrasound
B) Colonoscopy
C) Mammogram
D) Thyroid scan
E) Brain CT
Ans: B, C
Feedback:
CEA normally is produced by embryonic tissue in the gut,
pancreas, and liver and is elaborated by a number of
different cancers, including colorectal carcinomas,
pancreatic cancers, and gastric and breast tumo [Show Less]