HESI A2 Biology Practice Exam V1| 100% Correct Questions and Verified Answers| 2023/ 2024 New Update
1. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA
... [Show More] replicated?
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. D1
Answer: - S phase 6
Rationale: The G1, S, and G2 phases are called interphase. S phase is when DNA is replicated. (G1 = growth phase, G2 = second growth phase and preparation for division). There is no such thing as the D1 phase.
2. Which of the following processes reduces cells originally classified as diploid to haploid?
A. Meiosis.
B. Mitosis.
C. Both meiosis and mitosis.
D. Neither meiosis and mitosis.
Answer: - Meiosis.
Rationale: Meiosis is a process of cellular division where cells begin as diploid and end as haploid.
3. Which of the following is an example of a cell created by meiosis?
A. Kidney cell.
B. Sperm cell.
C. Brain cell.
D. Skin cell.
Answer: - Sperm cell.
Rationale: Sperm contain 23 chromosomes that are combined with another 23 from an egg to produce a diploid combination. Meiosis replicates sex, or sperm, cells and mitosis replicates somatic, or body, cells.
4. The Krebs cycle is a process described as:
A. the creation of ATP and Pyruvate.
B. the creation of GTP and NADH.
C. the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
D. a linear method of creating energy.
Answer: - the creation of GTP and NADH
Rationale: This description is the most correct. The Krebs cycle involves creating energy in the form of 2 GTPs (which convert to ATP) and NADH (and FAHD2 which donate the electrons to the ETC), not harvesting it, and it is not only used by plants. In addition, it is cyclical, not linear. ATP and Pyruvate are created by glycolysis.
5. The plasma membranes of cells are composed of:
A. a single layer of phospholipid molecules.
B. a bilayer of phospholipid molecules.
C. proteins that act as transport highways.
D. mitochondria.
Answer: - a bilayer of phospholipid molecules
Rationale: Plasma membranes are composed of a bilayer of phospholipid molecules.
6. Which of the following activities does NOT lead to cellular energy production?
A. Glycolysis.
B. Gluconeogenesis.
C. Oxidative Phosphorylation.
D. Cellular Respiration.
Answer: - Gluconeogenesis
Rationale: Cellular respiration leads to glycolysis while Oxidative Phosphorylation (a type of cellular respiration), and both create energy by catabolism. Gluconeogenesis is the creation of sugar using energy.
7. Using garden peas, which of the following scientists discovered the basic principles of genetics?
A. Galileo.
B. Mendel.
C. Curie.
D. Hawking.
Answer: - Mendel
Rationale: Gregor Mendel discovered, through careful experimentation with garden peas, that there existed genetic properties to account for certain characteristics.
8. The alternative versions of a single gene are known as:
A. traits.
B. characteristics.
C. RNA.
D. alleles.
Answer: - Alleles
Rationale: Alleles are alternative versions of a single gene that codes for a certain trait.
9. What device makes it possible to predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring of sexual reproduction?
A. Punnett square.
B. Chi square.
C. PCR.
D. Microscope.
Answer: - Punnett square [Show Less]