GED Science Exam 129 Questions with Verified Answers
Points to remember! - CORRECT ANSWER All living things have several things in common. The cell is
... [Show More] the basic functional unit of a living organism. Ecosystems are home to thousands of organisms, each playing a necessary role. ABOUT 40% THE GED SCIENCE QUESTIONS WILL BE ABOUT LIFE SCIENCES.
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER the basic functional unit of an organism
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER contains all the instructions needed to direct a cell's activities
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER replication of a cell & its DNA
Life science (or biology) - CORRECT ANSWER is the study of all living things, from plants to animals and humans.
A biologist is someone who- - CORRECT ANSWER studies organisms, or living things, of which there are over 1.5 million different types. Biologist study their structures, their life cycles, and their relationship to their environment.
Scientist have come up with a way to separate the living from the non-living: - CORRECT ANSWER -Has a life cycle (from birth to death)
-Has the ability to move or grow
-Has the need to find sources of energy as in feeding
-Has the ability to respond to stimuli, or something in the environment, that causes a change in behavior
-Has the ability to reproduce
-Made up of cells
Life science covers - CORRECT ANSWER every organism from the smallest, single-celled bacterium to the largest animal on earth, the blue whale
All organisms have similarities, - CORRECT ANSWER such as needing energy to grow, interacting with their surroundings, and producing offspring. (No matter how big or small, all of these organisms are alike in that they are composed of cells.
The Cell - CORRECT ANSWER the cell is the basic functional unit of an organism, meaning that each cell has the potential to fulfill all the functions of that organism. Cells also must arise from other pre-existing cells
4 pts of a Cell - CORRECT ANSWER 1. The first part of a cell is the membrane
2. The second part of a cell is the cytoplasm
3. The third part of a cell is the nucleus
4. The fourth part consists of the many organelles (ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR DISTINCT PARTS)
Cell mambrane - CORRECT ANSWER cells are surrounded by a thin covering, which separates the cell from its environment.This membrane is called the "cell membrane" (or plasma membrane) it acts as a barrier or wall.
Cell membranes are semipermeable, - CORRECT ANSWER meaning that they will allow some substances to move both into and out of cells through the cell membrane. This allows the cell to take in the required nutrients and expel any waste products.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER the inside of the cell, is the semi-liquid substance in which all of the internal "organs" of the cell are dissolved. (this is where much of the biochemical activity of the cell occurs)
The main component of cytoplasm is - CORRECT ANSWER WATER
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER Cells must create DNA, the genetic material which allows a cell to replicate, & this DNA in a specific region in the cell called the nucleus.
The nucleus & its DNA hold inside - CORRECT ANSWER All of the information needed to function & create another cell.
Cells have "Organelles" - CORRECT ANSWER Which are structures (of which the nucleus is one) within the cytoplasm that preform certain specialized duties.
The Cell Wall of a plant - CORRECT ANSWER All plants have cell walls. The cell wall gives a plant cell a more inflexible structure, preventing the cells movement & giving it more support. They're found outside the cell membrane. (plants are made up of cells, inside these cells are chloroplast, chloroplast contains chlorophyll
Plants are made up of cells, inside these cells are Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER Chloroplast contain chlorophyll, chlorophyll contains the green pigment, which makes the plants green, it is responsible for absorbing energy from sunlight.
Energy - CORRECT ANSWER allows for simple functions like growth & reproduction, all living things require energy to live, how we get that energy depends on what we are
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER is the process by which plants, algae, & some bacteria can convert the sun's energy into a chemical energy then used by the organisms to function. (Plants are the only organisms that can do such a thing)
Pt 1 of the Photosynthesis Process (Four part process) - CORRECT ANSWER Plants take in ->carbon dioxide<-(CO2) from the air & water <-(H2O) from its roots
Pt 2 of the Photosynthesis Process - CORRECT ANSWER The energy from the sunlight is collected by chloroplasts within the plant's leaves & is used to transform carbon dioxide & water into glucose & oxygen(CO2+H2O=glucose & oxygen)
Pt 3 of the Photosynthesis Process - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygen is released into the air, which will eventually be used by most living organisms, especially animals.
Pt 4 of the Photosynthesis Process - CORRECT ANSWER Glucose is either used by the plant for its life function, or stored away for future use. This storage of glucose (a form of chemical energy) is what feeds humans & animals.
Cellular Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER in this process oxygen reacts to glucose to yield carbon dioxide, (water + energy) this means glucose + oxygen yields carbon dioxide, water + energy. Because of photosynthesis & cellular respiration, oxygen + carbon dioxide are balanced in the atmosphere.
Key to remember* - CORRECT ANSWER All living organisms must obtain energy to stay alive. Different organisms need different sources of energy, but each is dependent on those organisms for its survival.
What two things does a plant need to take up from its environment before sunlight can be used for photosynthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER water (H2O) & carbon dioxide (CO2)
What does a plant "breathe out", or expel, after photosynthesis has taken place? - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygen
Where does a plant get its initial energy to create the glucose it needs? - CORRECT ANSWER Sunlight
Green plants are green because? - CORRECT ANSWER leaves contain green pigment that absorbs all colors except green
Vertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
Invertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, annelid, coelenterate, etc. The invertebrates constitute an artificial division of the animal kingdom, comprising 95 percent of animal species and about 30 different phyla.
Pseudopod or Pseudopodium - CORRECT ANSWER a temporary protrusion of the surface of an amoeboid cell for movement and feeding
Amoeba are an example of - CORRECT ANSWER Microscopic invertebrates
Nudibranch - CORRECT ANSWER Are sea slugs that absorb oxygen from appendages that grow from their backs
Animals with backbones are called - CORRECT ANSWER Vertebrates
Amoeba move by changing their - CORRECT ANSWER Shape
Another word for a fake foot - CORRECT ANSWER Pseudopod
Jellyfish consist of 98% - CORRECT ANSWER Water
95% of animals are - CORRECT ANSWER Invertebrates
Arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER Make up 75% of all animal species. The most common of these are insects, crabs, & lobsters, spiders & centipedes.
The 4 characteristics of an Arthropod - CORRECT ANSWER 1. An exoskeleton
2. A brain & a system of nerves
3. A body broken up into segments
4. Jointed legs
The 4 characteristics of an arthropod have allowed them to become very successful - CORRECT ANSWER The exoskeleton serves as protection. The nervous system allows them to adapt better, & the segmented body & legs allows them to move better
Cold-blooded - CORRECT ANSWER An animal that cannot regulate its temperature, invertebrates are Cold-blooded animals that have to "sun" themselves to keep warm
Warm-blooded - CORRECT ANSWER Can regulate their own body temperature & do not need to seek external heat sources every morning.
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
Nocturnal - CORRECT ANSWER done, occurring, or active at night.
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, often resulting in the development of new species. The mechanisms of evolution include natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, mutation, migration, and genetic drift.
Natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER a process resulting in the survival of those individuals from a population of animals or plants that are best adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions. The survivors tend to produce more offspring than those less well adapted, so that the characteristics of the population change over time, thus accounting for the process of evolution
The 4 systems of the Human Body - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Circulatory System 2. Respiratory System 3. Nervous System 4. Digestive System
The function of the Circulatory System: - CORRECT ANSWER To move the blood through the body, blood is responsible for transporting oxygen & nutrients throughout the body
The 2 major organs in the Circulatory System - CORRECT ANSWER The heart & the arteries
Heart - CORRECT ANSWER A muscle in the body that contracts in order to pump blood, blood is transported through "vessels" from large arteries
Arteries - CORRECT ANSWER What blood passes through in order to get from the heart to the rest of the body, they're essentially a highway for your blood to travel through. ( blood flows from arteries, to capillaries, to small veins, to large veins which run throughout the body)
The Respiratory Systems function - CORRECT ANSWER The bodies inhalations & exhalations; oxygen from the air is inhaled through the mouth & passes into the lungs, then it is exhaled in the form of carbon dioxide.
The 2 major parts of the Respiratory System - CORRECT ANSWER Lungs & trachea
Trachea - CORRECT ANSWER is the long tube that runs from the mouth into two tubes called the "Bronchi" each of the bronchi tubes branch out & enter one lung.
The bronchi separate into smaller branches called - CORRECT ANSWER The bronchioles
At the end of each bronchioles is - CORRECT ANSWER an alveolus
The Nervous System & its function - CORRECT ANSWER to receive, process, & transmit information, & to control the body's activities
The 3 major parts of the Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER Brain, spinal cord, nerves
The 3 important parts of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER cerebrum, cerebellum, & brainstem
Cerebrum - CORRECT ANSWER controls functions such as, seeing, speaking, & thinking
Cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER coordinates movements & positions
Brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER controls heart rate & breathing (information goes to & from the brain through nerves)
Digestive System's function - CORRECT ANSWER to break down food into nutrients, so that energy can be produced & digestive waste can leave the body
The 3 important parts of the Esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER stomach, small intestine, & large intestine
The process of digestion - CORRECT ANSWER digestion begins in the mouth, then food is chewed & broken down by our teeth into smaller pieces, (our saliva breaks down these pieces chemically) then passes food through the esophagus, into the stomach,( once in the stomach the pieces are further broken down by enzymes & acids) from the stomach to the small intestine, (most of the nutrients are absorbed by the blood in the small intestines through capillaries in the villi) what remains in the
Sm intestine goes through the Lg intestine, (the Lg intestine removes water leaving behind solid waste) solid waste then leaves through the rectum.
Using math in the GED science test - CORRECT ANSWER you will be asked to make calculations, evaluate charts & data, & draw conclusions based on information
Breaking up mathematical information, measures of Central Tendency - CORRECT ANSWER scientist use central tendency when evaluating charts & graphs
3 Measures of central tendency include: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Mean 2. Median 3. Mode
Mean - CORRECT ANSWER average of the numerical data, to find the mean add all of the values together, divide the sum by the total number of items in the data set
Median - CORRECT ANSWER is the middle value in a set of data, arrange the values by size from least to greatest (numerical order), add the middle values, then divide the sum of the middle values by 2, your remaining value is your median
Mode - CORRECT ANSWER is the value that appears the most in data, to find the mode count the number of times each value appears. Note: it is possible that a set of data may have more than one mode, or may only have each number appear once. If this occurs, there is no mode. (organize the data by the number of times each value is found)
(Nutrition, health & the human body) Nutrients are needed for - CORRECT ANSWER Growth, cell maintenance, & functioning
Nutrients are not produced by the human body - CORRECT ANSWER We get nutrients from what we eat
Some important nutrients are - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, & minerals
Nutrients provide energy for the body - CORRECT ANSWER Diets help ensure we're getting the right amount of nutrients
If we have too much or not enough of one nutrient, our bodies may have a negative reaction - CORRECT ANSWER It may not be able to defend itself properly against infections
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER Is when the body becomes invaded by germs
Germs - CORRECT ANSWER Are microorganisms that cause disease
Infections can be identified by symptoms such as - CORRECT ANSWER Fevers, rash, & other reactions
Germs enter the body many different ways - CORRECT ANSWER -Blood or saliva
-Consumption of food or drink
-Sexual activity
-Breathing contaminated air
The most common germs are - CORRECT ANSWER Bacteria & viruses (infections are often categorized by the microorganisms that caused them)
The human body has natural defenses against infection - CORRECT ANSWER Skin, stomach acid, & mucous membranes. Inside our bodies germs are combated by our immune system
The immune system produce antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Antibodies destroy germs, sometimes antibodies aren't enough to protect us so we use antibiotics
Antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER Man made drugs that help our bodies overcome infection, as a preventative measure, we're often immunized
Immunization - CORRECT ANSWER Provide protection from specific antibiotics
Our health is affected by a number of things - CORRECT ANSWER Our diet, access to modern medication, & our ability to fight infections
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER Is the process of change an organisms traits undergo to survive
Variations - CORRECT ANSWER Help better adapted individuals to survive in their environment
Charles Darwin & Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER Species evolved because of "Natural Selection" through this people are better adapted to their environments & more likely to survive & reproduce.
As a result of natural selection, - CORRECT ANSWER People pass on their more favorable traits to their offspring
More factors involved in natural selection are - CORRECT ANSWER *The idea that species will create more offspring than can survive *These offspring will be forced to compete with each other for the resources of their environment *Members from one species will have different traits from another. (This is called variations)
Variations - CORRECT ANSWER Help better adapted individuals to survive in their environment
Variations & Natural Selection - CORRECT ANSWER *Individuals with more favorable variations are more likely to survive, reproduce, & pass on their traits *Over the course of reproduction, positive variations will spread through the species creating a change (or evolution in the species to occur)
Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER Is a community of particular organisms that coexist together & the physical environment that surrounds them
Ecosystems can be large or small, a large ecosystem would be - CORRECT ANSWER The Earth
We refer to the ecosystem of the earth as - CORRECT ANSWER Biosphere
In order to sustain itself, an ecosystem should be healthy - CORRECT ANSWER It should have a wide diversity of organisms
A healthy ecosystem also has a balance between - CORRECT ANSWER *Producers & *Consumers
Producers - CORRECT ANSWER Are organisms that make their own energy, ege., green plants, because they use the energy from the sun to make their own food
Consumers - CORRECT ANSWER Are organisms that receive energy by consuming other organisms, ege., birds rely on berries, small plants, or other organisms to survive
Food Web - CORRECT ANSWER The complex pattern that energy passes through an ecosystem. A food web shows us who is producing what & who is consuming.
Resources - CORRECT ANSWER Are anything that humans or organisms need to survive
Natural Resources - CORRECT ANSWER -Air
-Water
-Soil
-Minerals
-Energy
Air - CORRECT ANSWER Is a resource because we require it to live, & survive, is also included in many aspects of our survival like -Respiration
-Climate -Weather
Water - CORRECT ANSWER Is a resource used for drinking, bathing, industrial processes, & agriculture
Soil - CORRECT ANSWER A layer of rock, living organisms, water, air, & organic matter, in which plants are rooted for growth. (soil is a natural resource used for agriculture & food production)
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER Are what rocks are made of, they are a natural forming inorganic substance with crystalline structure
Energy resources - CORRECT ANSWER Fossil fuels, geothermal energy, water, wind, solar energy
Non renewable - CORRECT ANSWER Has no replacements once used, & takes millions of years to naturally form (fossil fuels are the main sources for heating, transportation, & electricity)
Renewable resources - CORRECT ANSWER -Have supplies that will never run out
-Have an unlimited supply
-Are also able to cycle through the environment
Solar energy - CORRECT ANSWER Energy from the sun which constantly cycles through the environment
Resources are destroyed by - CORRECT ANSWER Consumption, pollution, overuse, fossil fuels pollute the air & deplete the ozone layer as they release compounds called *chlorofluoro carbons (cfcs) into the atmosphere
Conservation - CORRECT ANSWER Is practice to help preserve these resources
Positive steps of conservation - CORRECT ANSWER Reducing gasoline consumption, recycling, using particular agricultural methods, creating weather & sewage treatments
Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER Is the process of changing into a younger form into an adult.
Inherit - CORRECT ANSWER Organisms inherit traits from their parents. Some traits they get from their environments.
Muscular system - CORRECT ANSWER muscle is a type of tissue that allows us to move in a controlled manner, unlike ligaments, muscles can contract and relax when needed.
Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER Will cause a muscle to move a bone around a joint.
Nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER the nervous system controls all the muscles in your body and senses the world around you. It does this by sending electrical signals called nerve impulses.
Circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER From the small intestine to the nutrients and water your cells need are absorbed into the bloodstream this is called the circulatory system.
EXO rectory system - CORRECT ANSWER Is the process where all waste products are removed from the body, before that happens your body must first collect the waist. Can you collect all the garbage in your blood.
Pollution - CORRECT ANSWER Pollution consist of any harmful materials in the environment. Pollution can be found in the air, on land and water.
5 types of pollution - CORRECT ANSWER Littering, oil spills, volcano eruptions, air pollution, water pollution, land pollution.
Scientific notation - CORRECT ANSWER Notation uses an exponential number where 10 is the base and in is the exponent. 104 =10 x10 x 10 x 10 =10,000 [Show Less]