Final Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (New
2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and
Pathophysiology Exam| Questions and
Verified Answers with Rationales| 100%
... [Show More]
Correct| Graded A- GCU
QUESTION
Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be demonstrated in an 85-year-old
individual?
a. Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
b. Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain
c. Hematuria and flank pain
d. Pyuria, urgency, and frequency
Answer:
a. Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
Rationale: Older adults with cystitis may demonstrate confusion or vague abdominal discomfort
or otherwise be asymptomatic. page 1351
QUESTION
Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Viruses
d. Parasite
Answer:
a. Bacteria
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is usually caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli, Proteus, or
Pseudomonas. pages 1351-52
QUESTION
A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria
exceeding 3 to 5 g/ day with albumin as the major protein. These data suggest the presence of
which disorder?
a. Cystitis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Nephrotic syndrome
Answer:
c. Glomerulonephritis
Rationale: The data suggest the patient has the disorder known as glomerulonephritis. Two
major changes distinctive of more severe glomerulonephritis are (1) hematuria with red blood
cell casts and (2) proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/ day with albumin as the major protein. These
symptoms do not support the diagnosis of the other options. page 1357
QUESTION
How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?
a. Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium resulting in more dilute blood
and a lower potassium concentration.
b. When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it.
c. Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell.
d. Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in
exchange for hydrogen
Answer:
b. When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it.
Rationale: This selection is the only option that accurately describes glucose metabolism
causing potassium to move to the intracellular fluid; insulin infusions therefore can be effective
in shifting potassium from the extracellular to intracellular space, along with the transport of
glucose. page 1363
QUESTION
________ is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure
a. Intrinsic factor
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin D
d. Erythropoietin
Answer:
d. Erythropoietin
QUESTION
In glomerulonephritis, what damages the epithelial cells resulting in proteinuria?
(Select all that apply)
a. Ischemia
b. Lysosomal enzymes
c. Compression from edema
d. Activated complement
e. Altered membrane permeability
Answer:
d. Activated complement
e. Altered membrane permeability
Rationale: Activated complement, inflammatory cytokines, oxidants, proteases, and growth
factors attack epithelial cells, alter membrane permeability, and cause proteinuria. None of the
other options are responsible for this process. page 1353-1357
QUESTION
Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which condition? (Select all that apply.) [Show Less]