Final Exam: NR283/ NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Concept Guide| Complete with Questions and Verified Answers| 2023/ 2024 Newly Updated!!-
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QUESTION
What is Orthopnea?
Answer:
difficulty breathing while lying down
QUESTION
What causes orthopnea?
Answer:
increased fluid accumulation in the lungs in recumbent positions
QUESTION
What causes atheroma development?
Answer:
- Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP level
- WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer
smooth muscle cells begin to multiply
- Plaque forms and inflammation persists
- platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form
- lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere
-Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen
QUESTION
What is the definition of atherosclerosis?
Answer:
- Presence of atheroma's in large arteries due to plaque buildup related to diet, exercise, and stress
QUESTION
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?
Answer:
- age
- gender
- genetic factors
- familial factors
QUESTION
What are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?
Answer:
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyles
- diabetes mellitus
- poorly controlled hypertension
- oral contraceptives and smoking
QUESTION
What are some prevention / treatment techniques for atherosclerosis?
Answer:
- weight loss
- increased exercise
- dietary modification
- reduced sodium intake
- control hypertension
- control primary disorders
- smoking cessation
- antilipidemic drugs
- surgical interventions
QUESTION
What are some surgical interventions for atherosclerosis?
Answer:
- coronary bypass surgery
QUESTION
What is angina pectoris?
Answer:
Chest pain triggered by physical or emotion stress that is recurrent
QUESTION
What are the three types of angina?
Answer:
- Classic (exertional)
- Variant
- Unstable
QUESTION
What is classic angina?
Answer:
pain that is stable and precipitated by increased effort (exercise and stress)
QUESTION
What is variant angina?
Answer:
- When vasospasm occur at rest
QUESTION
What is unstable angina?
Answer:
- prolonged chest pain at rest
- may precede myocardial infarction
QUESTION
What are signs / symptoms of angina pectoris
Answer:
- Pallor skin coloring
- diaphoresis
- nausea
- chest pain
QUESTION
What does diaphoresis?
Answer:
- excessive sweating [Show Less]