Final Exam: Midterm Exam: NR576 / NR 576 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Updated)
Differential Diagnosis in Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Exam Review| Guide with
... [Show More] Verified Answers -Chamberlain
QUESTION
Describe an intervention for a patient with gastroenteritis
Answer:
-Supportive care: fluid and nutrients
-Low residue diet (BRAT) - no evidence that this helps, but may be more tolerable for pt
-Viral cause = NO antibiotics
-Education surrounding not prescribing antibiotics/not spreading germs/eating safe foods
Imodium/Zofran/Phenergan
QUESTION
Discuss an appropriate treatment for prophylaxis or treatment of traveler's diarrhea
Answer:
-empirical antimicrobial therapy: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) 1 PO BID ×3d
-ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg
-norfloxacin (Noroxin) 400 mg
-ofloxacin (Floxin) 300 mg
QUESTION
Identify at least one effective treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Answer:
- For IBS - C
o Psyllium (fiber)
o docusate (softner)
o bisacodyl/senna (stimulant/irritant)
o loperamide (antidiarrheal)
For IBS - D
o dicyclomine (bentyl), hycosamine sulfate (Levsin) phenobarb/hycosamine (donnatal)
anticholenergics - decrease motility of smooth muscle tone/decrease cramping, relaxes muscles in stomach/intestines
o Linzess (linaclotide), Trulance (plecanatide), and Amitiza (lubiprostone): drugs work by acting locally on the apical membrane of the GI tract to increase intestinal fluid secretion and improve fecal transit
Antidepressants for depression/anxiety component
QUESTION
Identify at least one prescription medication for the treatment of chronic constipation
Answer:
Linzess (linaclotide), Trulance (plecanatide), and Amitiza (lubiprostone): drugs work by acting locally on the apical membrane of the GI tract to increase intestinal fluid secretion and improve fecal transit
- Movtantik (naloxegol) and Relistor (methylnaltrexone) for Opioid induced
Miralax is a gentle but effective laxative that is safe for long-term use - OTC
QUESTION
Discuss at least one treatment for Meniere's disease
Answer:
Low salt diet and a diuretic pill
Anti-vertigo medications
Intratympanic injection with dex or gentamicin
Air pressure pulse generator
Surgery
QUESTION
Discuss that the majority of dyspnea complaints are due to cardiac or pulmonary decompensation
Answer:
-2/3 of symptomatic patients the etiology is due to cardiopulmonary disease
-1/3 of all cases the cause of dyspnea is multifactorial
-Common cardiopulmonary conditions:
QUESTION
Explain the differences between intra-thorax and extra-thorax flow disorders
Answer:
Flow Disorders
-Intrathorax
-Obstruction of distal/smaller airway
-Extrathorax
-Obstruction of proximal/larger airway
QUESTION
Identify at least three examples of flow disorders (intra and/or extra thorax)
Answer:
Intrathorax flow disorders: originate from obstruction of distal/smaller airways
-asthma
-bronchiolitis
-vascular ring
-solid foreign body aspiration
-lymph node enlargement pressure
-These types of disorders cause expiratory effort in infants and also in children less than 5 years of age (bronchiolitis)
-Extrathorax flow disorders: originate from obstruction of the larger airways
-rhinitis with nasal obstruction, nasal polyp
-cranio-facial malformation
-obstructive sleep apnea
-tonsil-adenoid hypertrophy
-laryngo-tracheo-malacia
-larynx papilloma
-Diphtheria
-croup, epiglottitis
-thymus hypertrophy
-Infants or children ages 5 and younger are affected, and they have clinical findings of inspiratory stridor
QUESTION
Identify at least three examples of volume disorders (intra and/or extra thorax)
Answer:
-Intrathorax volume disorders include lung parenchyma disorders
-pneumonia (infection, aspiration)
-atelectasis
-pulmonary edema
-near drowning
-These disorders affect inspiratory effort
-Extrapulmonary volume disorders [Show Less]