Exam 2: PRN1032/ PRN 1032 (2023/2024 Newly Updated) Client-Centered Care I Exam Review | Complete Guide Questions and Verified Answers|
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1. Foods containing vitamin A
Answer: Liver, eggs, fish, milk, carrots, sweet potato, pumpkin, and spinach
2. Vitamin K deficiency symptoms
Answer: Bleeding tendencies, poor bone growth
3. Vitamin K deficiency diseases
Answer: Hemorrhagic disease, defective blood clotting
4. Vitamin K special considerations
Answer: Do not take with blood thinner medications (warfarin)
5. Vitamin K benefits
Answer: Blood clotting, blood calcium regulation, and bone development
6. Who is susceptible to vitamin K deficiency?
Answer: People with severe malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease or who receive chronic treatment with antibiotics
7. Vitamin K foods
Answer: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, liver, and leafy greens.
8. Vitamin D deficiency diseases
Answer: rickets and growth retardation in children and osteomalacia in adults
9. vitamin D foods
Answer: egg yolk, fatty fish, liver, sunlight
10. Vitamin D deficiency symptoms
Answer: Frequent illness, fatigue, bone pain, impaired wound healing, bone loss, hair loss, muscle pain
11. Vitamin D benefits
Answer: strengthens and helps form bones and teeth via calcium and phosphorus. Helps with immune function, neuromuscular function, cell function (proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis)
12. Critical function of vitamin D
Answer: Cell homeostasis
13. Phosphorus benefits
Answer: Used in all cell function - more than any other mineral
Bone and tooth formation
Energy metabolism
Acid base balance
14. Phosphorus deficiency
Answer: Rare - weakness, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain, and bone loss over time.
The only evidence of deficiency is in people who consume large amounts of antacids consistently that contain aluminum hydroxide.
15. Phosphorus foods
Answer: Fish, poultry, eggs, leafy greens, avocado, oats, legumes
16. Hyponatremia symptoms and definition
Answer: Low sodium
Most common electrolyte imbalance
Central nervous system and neuromuscular changes resulting from failure of swollen cells to transmit electrical impulses
Fatigue, lethargy, headache, mental confusion, altered level of consciousness, anxiety, coma, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, seizures, decreased sensation, decreased blood pressure (BP)
17. Hyponatremia causes
Answer: Inadequate sodium intake, as in patients on low-sodium diets
Excessive intake or retention of water (kidney failure and heart failure)
Loss of bile, which is rich in sodium, as a result of fistulas, drainage, gastrointestinal surgery, nausea and vomiting, and suction
Loss of sodium through burn wounds
Administration of intravenous (IV) fluids that do not contain electrolytes
18. Hyponatremia nursing interventions
Answer: Restrict water intake as ordered for patients with congestive heart failure, kidney failure, and inadequate antidiuretic hormone production.
Liberalize a low-sodium diet.
Closely monitor patient receiving IV solutions to correct hyponatremia.
Replace water loss with fluids containing sodium.
19. Hypernatremia definition and symptoms
Answer: High sodium
Dry mucous membranes, taut skin turgor, intense thirst, flushed skin, oliguria, possibly elevated temperature
Weakness, lethargy, irritability, twitching, seizures, coma, intracranial bleeding
Low-grade fever
20. Hypernatremia causes
Answer: High-sodium diet, inadequate water intake as in a comatose, mentally confused, or debilitated patient
Excessive sweating, diarrhea, failure of kidney to reabsorb water from urine
Administration of high-protein, hyperosmotic tube feedings and osmotic diuretics
Water loss from fever, respiratory infection, or watery diarrhea [Show Less]