Contents
1. INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1.1 – 1.2
1.1 Introduction 1.1
UNIT I
2. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CELL INJURY AND ADAPTATION 2.1 –
... [Show More] 2.22
2.1 Introduction to Homeostasis 2.1
2.2 Adaptation 2.1
2.3 Cell Injury 2.6
2.3.1 Etiology of Cell Injury 2.8
2.3.2 Pathogenesis of Cell Injury 2.10
2.3.3 Mechanism of Hypoxia Induced Cell Injury 2.15
2.3.4 Free Radical Induced Injury 2.15
2.4 Morphology of Cell Injury– Adaptive Changes 2.18
2.5 Cellular Swelling 2.19
2.6 Intracellular Accumulations 2.19
2.7 Calcification 2.20
2.7.1 Alkalosis 2.21
2.7.2 Acidosis 2.21
2.8 Electrolytes 2.22
3. BASIC MECHANISM INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF INFLAMMATION, REPAIR AND
ATHEROSCLEROSIS 3.1 – 3.21
3.1 Introduction 3.1
3.1.1 Etiology of Inflammation 3.1
3.2 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation 3.2
3.3 Types of Inflammation 3.2
3.4 Basic Mechanism Involved in the Process of Inflammation 3.3
3.4.1 Inflammatory Mediators 3.7
3.5 Healing 3.10
3.6 Atherosclerosis 3.14
3.6.1 Causes 3.15
3.6.2 Pathophysiology 3.16
3.6.3 Symptoms 3.17
3.6.4 Diagnosis 3.18
3.6.5 Treatment 3.19
UNIT II
4. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 4.1 – 4.27
4.1 Introduction to Cardiovascular System 4.1
4.1.1 Anatomy of the Heart 4.2
4.1.2 Conduction System of the Heart 4.3
4.1.3 Physiology of the Heart 4.4
4.1.4 The Cardiac Cycle 4.4
4.1.5 Blood Flow Through the Heart 4.4
4.1.6 The Electrocardiogram 4.5
4.1.7 Heart Sounds 4.5
4.1.8 Cardiac Output 4.5
4.1.9 Functions of Cardiovascular System 4.6
4.2 Hypertension 4.7
4.2.1 Types of Hypertension 4.7
4.2.2 Epidemiology 4.9
4.2.3 Etiology 4.9
4.2.4 Pathophysiology 4.9
4.2.5 Symptoms 4.13
4.2.6 Diagnosis 4.13
4.2.7 Treatment 4.14
4.2.8 Prevention 4.14
4.3 Congestive Heart Failure 4.15
4.3.1 Etiology 4.15
4.3.2 Pathogenesis 4.16
4.3.3 Types of Heart Failure 4.16
4.3.4 Clinical Manifestations 4.17
4.3.5 Treatment 4.18
4.3.6 Pharmacological Treatment 4.18
4.4 Ischaemic Heart Disease 4.19
4.4.1 Angina Pectoris 4.21
4.4.2 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) 4.22
4.4.3 Arteriosclerosis 4.25
5. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 5.1 – 5.22
5.1 Introduction to Respiratory System 5.1
5.1.1 Muscles of Respiration 5.3
5.1.2 Physiology of the Respiratory System 5.4
5.2 Asthma 5.5
5.2.1 Causes 5.5
5.2.2 Classification of Asthma 5.6
5.2.3 Pathophysiology 5.7
5.2.4 Symptoms 5.7
5.2.5 Diagnosis 5.8
5.2.6 Prevention and Treatment 5.9
5.3 Chronic Obstructive Airways Diseases 5.10
5.3.1 Respiratory Failure 5.10
5.3.2 Bronchitis 5.14
5.3.3 Emphysema 5.17
6. RENAL SYSTEM 6.1 – 6.11
6.1 Introduction to Urinary System 6.1
6.2 Acute Renal Failure 6.2
6.2.1 Epidemiology 6.2
6.2.2 Causes 6.2
6.2.3 Etiologic Mechanisms in Acute Renal Failure 6.3
6.2.4 Risk Factors 6.3
6.2.5 Pathophysiology 6.4
6.2.6 Symptoms 6.4
6.2.7 Complications 6.4
6.2.8 Tests and Diagnosis 6.5
6.2.9 Treatments and Drugs 6.5
6.2.10 Prevention 6.5
6.3 Chronic Renal Failure 6.6
6.3.1 Causes 6.6
6.3.2 Pathophysiology 6.6
6.3.3 Symptoms 6.7
6.3.4 Tests and Diagnosis 6.8
6.3.5 Treatments 6.8
UNIT III
7. HAEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES 7.1 – 7.16
7.1 Introduction 7.1
7.1.1 Types of Anemia 7.1
7.1.2 Epidemiology 7.1
7.1.3 Causes 7.1
7.1.4 Risk Factors 7.4
7.1.5 Pathophysiology of Different Types of Anemia 7.4
7.1.6 Symptoms 7.7
7.1.7 Complications 7.7
7.1.8 Tests and Diagnosis 7.7
7.1.9 Treatments and Drugs 7.8
7.1.9 Prevention 7.9
7.2 Acquired Hemolytic Anemia 7.10
7.2.1 Types of Acquired Hemolytic Anemia 7.10
7.2.2 Causes 7.11
7.2.3 Symptoms 7.11
7.2.4 Diagnosis 7.12
7.2.5 Treatment 7.12
7.2.6 Prevention 7.12
7.3 Hemophilia 7.13
7.3.1 Causes 7.14
7.3.2 Risk Factors 7.15 [Show Less]