Major risks for pediatric burns - Answer- 1. Hyperkalemia
2. infection
3. fluid loss
Urine output goal for kids with burns - Answer- 0.5-2
... [Show More] ml/kg
Parkland formula for fluids - Answer- TBSA burned x childs wt in kg x 4 = number of mL to be infused in 24 hrs. Give first half in first 8 (start at time of injury) then second 1/2 over the next 16 hours.
Cushing Triade - Answer- Assessment used in trauma pts: bradycardia, hypotension alteration of respiratons (suggestive of spinal cord injury)
Basillar skull fracture sx - Answer- 1. hemotypanums = diruptions of cranial nerve 7 and 9
2. racoons eyes (echymosis below eyes)
3.Battles sign ( postaurical eccymosis)
Normal ICP in children and infants - Answer- 1. infants: 2-6
2. children 3-7
Sx of increased ICP - Answer- slurred speech, lethargy, posturing, seizures, ataxia while crawling, walking etc.
Linear skull fracture - Answer- occurs from low energy blunt trauma over service of skull
sx: tenderness and swelling over indicated area
Basilar skull fracture - Answer- fracture of base of skull (frontal, ethomoid, sphenoids, temporal or occipital) leads to CSF leak and possible infection.
Sx of decompansated shock - Answer- widespread edema, tachycardia, DIC, urine in feces, decreased urine output less than 1mg/kg/hr, petichiae in extremities, hypotension, narrow pulse pressure progressing to wide pulse pressure, delayed cap refill.
sx of warm shock - Answer- cap refill less than 2 sec, bounding pulses, flushed, hot extremities, normotensive, widespread vasodialtion
sx of cold shock - Answer- delayed cap refil greater than 3 sec, bounding pulses, cool extremities, pallor, mottled extremities, wide pulse pressure.
Hypovolemic shock increases - Answer- Fluid bolus 20ml/kg, , packed red blood cells, vasoconstictors
Cardiogenic shock tx - Answer- Fluid bolus of 5-10 mL NS or LR, assess for sx of fluid overload,
obstructive shock - Answer- cardiac tamponode, tension pneumo, PE
Types of distribuitive shock - Answer- neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic
25% carboxyhemoglobin - Answer- causes lethargy in children
Four indicators of dehydration in pediatric population - Answer- 1. general appearence, absence of tears, dry mucous membranes, cap refil greater than 2 secs.
Preferred route fo IO access in pediatrics - Answer- 2 cm below tibial tuberosity on medial aspect of tibia [Show Less]