Edexcel Geography Exam Marking Scheme Verified 2023
General Marking Guidance
• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners
... [Show More] must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
Question
number Indicative content Mark
1 (a) AO3 (4 marks)
1 mark for mean of 7.4 (mean is 7.37 so to one decimal place 7.4) 1 mark for the median 103
1 mark for the working of 1115 – 23
1 mark for the interquartile range of 1092
(i) (1)
(ii)
(1)
(iii)
(2)
Question number Indicative content
1(b) AO1 (3 marks)/AO2 (9 marks)
Marking instructions
Markers must apply the descriptors in line with the general marking guidance and the qualities outlined in the levels-based mark scheme below.
Responses that demonstrate only AO1 without any AO2 should be awarded marks as follows:
• Level 1 AO1 performance: 1 mark
• Level 2 AO1 performance: 2 marks
• Level 3 AO1 performance: 3 marks.
Indicative content guidance
The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all of it. Other relevant material not suggested below must also be credited. Relevant points may include:
AO1
• Prediction and forecasting accuracy depend on the type and location of the tectonic hazard
• Strategies to modify vulnerability and resilience include hi- tech monitoring, education, community preparedness and adaptation.
• Strategies to modify loss include emergency, short and longer term aid and insurance and the actions of affected communities themselves.
• Strategies to modify the event include land-use zoning, hazard –
resistant design and engineering defences.
• Forecasting (when, where and likely magnitude) and predictions (where) can be used by governments to start disaster planning where high frequency or high magnitude events would cause problems for local areas.
AO2
• Some predictions are easy to make spatially, but difficult temporally (e.g. earthquakes typically occur on plate boundaries, but timing is unknown, making predictions challenging).
• Similarly tsunami events can be generated by earthquake tremors and which then allow communities to be warned. The tsunami that hit the western Pacific in 2009 caused relatively low impacts due to the warnings received from the Pacific Tsunami Warning centre.
• Yet the Tohoku earthquake off Japan in 2011 generated a tsunami that although was predicted still overwhelmed the defences leading to large impacts suggesting that the magnitude of the event can affect the usefulness of the prediction.
• Some EQ scientists have worked out where to find stress points along plate boundaries where EQ have recently happened, e.g. the North Anatolian Fault line, which relieve tension. However, scientists currently lack an accurate pre-cursor which limits the effectiveness of this research. Furthermore there are issues about [Show Less]