Growth proceeds from the _____ downward and from the center of the ____ outward. (p. 3) - ANSWER-head and body
True or False: Growth proceeds from the
... [Show More] center of the body outward (p. 3) - ANSWER-False, from head and then from body outward.
True or False: At birth, the brain, heart and spinal cord are fully functioning. (p. 3) - ANSWER-True fully functioning.
True or False: The finger and toe muscles develop before the arm and leg muscles. (p. 3) - ANSWER-False, arm and leg develop first.
True or False: Children differ in their growth. (p.3) - ANSWER-True
True or False: Children grow at perfectly steady rates. - ANSWER-False
Principle 1 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - ANSWER-Developmental Sequence is Similar for All. Example: 4 mo. old Sara rolled over; a few weeks later scooted by Dec. 6 mo old Raul rolled over and scooted, Renae 5 mo. old rolled and you predict will soon scoot.
Principle 2 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - ANSWER-Development Proceeds from General to Specific. Example: 3 mo. old Sean loves to wave his arms. As you watch him, you think of skills he'll next grasp, hold crayon and someday write with a pencil.
Principle 3 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - ANSWER-Development is Continuous. Example: At 2 Solidary Play, at 2 1/2 Parallel Play, at 3 Associatie Play, at 3 1/2 Cooperative Play and Real Friend.
Principle 4 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - ANSWER-Development Proceeds at Different Rates. Example: Tom and Tim are twins. Tom road tricycle at 3. Tim road tricycle at almost 4 with confidence.
Principle 5 of Child Growth and Development name and give example. - ANSWER-All Areas of Development are Interrelated. Example: Pete and Al are 5 and playing with a puzzle. Pete tells Al the 1st piece goes here. Al says "we both have pieces now. You believe it is a good indicator of each boys current development .
What is mant by the term "window of opportunity" as it relates to brain development? - ANSWER-These are certain periods of time when children are especially receptive to their surroundings and interactions with other people. These periods of time are tied to brain development and readiness for learning that will directly
affect the achievement of developmental milestones. For example, language skills depend on hearing other people speak.
Principle 1 is and keynotes. - ANSWER-Development Squence is Similar for All. *Children develop in relatively the same ways. *There is typical sequence of development that occurs. *They can move forward, regres for a short ime and then move forward again. *Some children may skip a behavior or skill as they move forward.
Principle 2 is and keynotes. - ANSWER-Development Proceeds from General to Specific. *Development progresses from a beginning point moving in a forward direction. *Devpmt. of behaviors and skills moves from general to specific. *Bodily changes occur in a sequential order and give children new abilities. * An infant' large muscles develope first and result in the ability to wave arms and kick the legs.
Principle 3 is and keynotes - ANSWER-Development is Continuous. *Behaviors and skills acquired becom the basis for new behaviors and skills. *Continuity from one phase of dvelopment to the next. *In order for children to write or draw, they must have developed the control of their hands and fingers to hld a crayon or pencil. *The continuation of development can easily be seen in children a tehy mature from ages two to age twelve.
Principle 4 is and keynotes. - ANSWER-Development Proceeds at Different Rates. *Each child is different, and the rates at which individual children develop are different. *Sequence for development are usually the same for all children, the rates at which individual children reach each stage will be different. *Development is never uniform, but is is constant.
Principle 5 if and keynotes: - ANSWER-All Areas of Development are Interrelated. *Development in children is interrelated. *Each area of development influences development in other areas. *Each of these development domains can be defined by one or more charcteristics. *Physical Health and Motor Development Domains involve increased physical gowth and abilities. * Cognitive Dvelopment & General KNowledge and Approaches to Learnin Domains which include thinking, planning, creating, exploring and questioning. *Language & Communication Domain includes a child's ability to see, hear, speak, read and write. *Social and Emotional Domain is defined by forming relationships and attachments.
List ways that child care programs can be inclusve and support children with development disabilities. - ANSWER-Achieving inclusion may require special training for staff members, enhanced learning opportunities for children or adaptive or modified materials, toys and equipment.
Define positive behavior support "Prevention" - ANSWER-is a strategy that stops challenging behaviors before they begin, and it is the primary method child care professionals use to encourage children to discard these behaviors.
Define positive behavior support "Redirection" - ANSWER-is a strategy that is used to guide children's behavior by recognizing challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking steps to stop it from escalating.
Define positive behavior support "Positive reinforcement" - ANSWER-is a strategy in which desired behaviors are rewarded so that the child is encouraged to repeat them.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 1st and largest need is: - ANSWER-Physical. Example: air, shelter, water, food, clothes, sleep
Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 2nd and next level need is: - ANSWER-Comfort and Safety. Example: Security, Stability, Transportation, Safe relationship
Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 3rd and next level need is: - ANSWER-Social. Example: Belonging, Love and Attention, Acceptance, positive interaction with others.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 4th and next level need is: - ANSWER-Self-Esteem. Example: Adequacy, confidence, importance, feeling of competency, feeling of sucess and pride, the ability to cope and problem-solve.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid with the 5th and last level need is - ANSWER-Self-Actualzation. Example: Fulfill one's life with purpose and meaning, spirituality, Empathy and compassion.
Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Infant" and example. - ANSWER-Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1) (I am all right) Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent, comforting environment with needs met.
Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Toddler" and example. - ANSWER-Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1 to 3 years) (I can make decisions) Need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to beome confident about themselves.
Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Preschool" and example. - ANSWER-Initiative vs Guilt (4 to 5 years) (I can do and I can make) When initiatvie is encouraged, a person experiements within one's environment.
Eric Erikson's conflicts that relate to "Grade School" and example. - ANSWER-Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years) (I can do it well and be successful) When children experience succes they attain a sense of adequacy and pride.
Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 1 - ANSWER-Sensorimotor: 0-2 years *explore their world through senses and motor skills. *trial and error problem solving *child does not know that a physical objects remain in existence even when out of sight.
Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 2 - ANSWER-Preoperational: 2-7 years *Preschoolers and early schol-age children learn about their world through their actions *Use symbols to mentally represent objects *Increase in development of language and concepts *Reasoning may be illogical and non sequential * Use egocentric thought process.
Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 3 - ANSWER-Concrete-Operational: 7-11 years * Older school-age childreney deal with changes and processes *hey understand how things relate to one another.
Jean Piaet: Cognitive Development Name/Age/Example of Stage 4 - ANSWER-Formal Operations (11 + years) *Early high-school children learn about their world through constructing and solving
problems *They begin to think about thinking *think in abstract terms *make educational quesses.
Vygotsky's theory is - ANSWER-social and cultural theory of cognitive development focuses on the connections between people and culture in which they interact.
Scaffoldng means - ANSWER-the adult povides children with he opportunity to extend their curren skills and knowledge.
Reciprocal teaching means - ANSWER-encourages a conversation between children and the adult. This converstation leads to children going beyond answering questions. It is best understood as a dialogue betwen child care professional and child in which participants take turns taking on the role of teacher.
What are the four stragtegies for Reciprocal teaching? - ANSWER-1. Generating a question for understanding
2. Clarifying that they ar understanding what they are reading.
3. Stopping to predict from clues what they think will hapen in the learning material
4. Summarizing what they have learned.
How does Nutrition affect child development? - ANSWER-A child's nutrition (what they eat on regular basis) and any special suplements or medications, influence physical growth, sleep patterns and temperament.
How does Exercise levels affect child development? - ANSWER-Childcare professionls must plan for exercises that encourage brain and body development; physical activities also allow children to burn of some of their energy. Play also helps cildren actively explore their environment. Regular exercise can help children focus on their learning.
How does Physical and Learning routins affect child development? - ANSWER-All children need and be provided routines; it gives a sense of security when thy know what is exected and what is happening next. Learning routines need to be well planned to meet the neds of the class and help children enjoy their experiences with learning.
How does promoting social interaction affect child development? - ANSWER-Promote social interaction among children help children to develop positive pee relationships with guidance or encouragement of cooperative play, pairing children with similar interest. Teaching childen to take turns, shre and politeness. Child care can set up gatherings with parents/family members safely introduce children to adults. Visiting Fire Station, Police Station, Grocery Store and other career interest.
How does social interaction and children with disabilities affect child development? - ANSWER-Children with disabilities have a potential risk for challenges in social skills and peer interactions. Including them is not sufficient, you can assist all children to develop socially by analysising the nature of the toys or play activity, mixing the children developmentally; teaching eye contact, smiling, turn taking, sharing and teaching typicaly developing peers to initiate and maintain social interactions with students with disabilities.
How heredity influences child development? - ANSWER-• Heredity is the passing down of genetic characteristics from parents to their children.• Heredity influences a child through the inheritance of physical characteristics and
temperament from birth parents at the time of conception.
• The influence of heredity exists before the child is conceived. The egg of the mother and the sperm of the father carry genetic materials (genes and chromosomes) that combine to form a unique child.• Genes are the blueprints for cells. They contain all the instructions necessary to create the human body.• Genes are made up of large, complex molecules called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).• A child has a combination of DNA from both his mother and father.
Temperament is... - ANSWER-a prevailing or dominant quality that characterizes a person.
Personality is... - ANSWER-the totality of a person's attitudes, interests, behavioral patterns, emotional responses, socail role and individual traits that endure over long periods of time.
How does birth order influences child development? - ANSWER-Birth order affects a child by determining how he sees himself *Research shows that generalizations can be made as to the typical characteristics of placement. Firstborn children are more likely to go to college. Middle children seem to have the strongest feelings of neglect by parents, often feeling that they wer "squeezed out" by the other siblings. The youngest may be more pampered and creative. [Show Less]