DAANCE 2023/2024 EXAM 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS (GRADED A+)
DAANCE 2023/2024 EXAM 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS (GRADED A+)
Nervous system - ANSWER Provides
... [Show More] overall control of body function
1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System
3. Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER Three subdivisions of the Nervous System
Neurons - ANSWER Cells of the nervous system that are responsible for conducting nerve impulses
Local anesthetics prevent - ANSWER Depolarization, by slowing or stopping movement of the nerve impulse
Synapse - ANSWER The junctions between two nerves
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER Overall control center of the body and consists of brain and spinal cord
Components of the brain - ANSWER Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brain stem
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER Nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS to the body; Sensory nerves + Motor nerves
Two components to the PNS - ANSWER Cranial Nerves + Spinal Nerves
Trigeminal Nerve - ANSWER fifth cranial nerve; supplies sensation to the teeth and jaws Meaning "Three pairs" - ANSWER Trigeminal
Three divisions of Trigeminal - ANSWER Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - ANSWER Regulates the internal organs; Keeps body at homeostasis.
Two subdivisions of ANS - ANSWER Sympathetic + Parasympathetic
Sympathetic System - ANSWER More DYNAMIC and SPEEDS UP processes; important in maintaining blood pressure
Parasympathic system - ANSWER Maintains RESTING STATE and SLOWS processes; "Couch Potato" state
Controls blood vessel diameter; "Fight- or- Flight" - ANSWER Sympathetic system
A. Alpha (a) -
B. Beta (b) -
1. Beta 1 (b1) -
2. Beta 2 (b2) - - ANSWER A. Alpha (a)- Vasoconstriction (Arteries + Veins)
B. Beta (b) - "Big Organs"
1. Beta 1 (b1) - " 1 Heart" (increased heart rate, conduction rate, and strength)
2. Beta 2 (b2) - " 2 Lungs" (Bronchodilation)
Sensory Nerves - ANSWER Conduct messages back to the CNS from receptors REGARDING ENVIRONMENT (Touch + Pain)
Motor Nerves - ANSWER Carry out a response formulated in the CNS TO A MUSCLE to initiate BODY MOVEMENT
Barbiturates + Propofol DEPRESS vital centers resulting in - ANSWER Hypotension + Respiratory depression
Ketamine STIMULATES vital centers resulting in - ANSWER Increased blood pressure + Pulse
Anticholinergic Drugs - ANSWER Decreasing production of secretions (Atropine + Glycopyrrolate)
Epinephrine with local anesthetics cause - ANSWER Vasoconstriction @ injection site; Control surgical bleeding
Myocardium - ANSWER Muscle in the heart
How many chambers does the heart have? - ANSWER 4 (2 atria, 2 ventricles) Atria - ANSWER The two UPPER chambers of the heart; RECEIVE blood
Left Atrium - ANSWER Receives blood from lungs vis pulmonary vein; OXYGEN RICH Right Atrium - ANSWER Receives blood from peripheral circulation; OXYGEN POOR Ventricles - ANSWER Lower chambers of the heart; Receive blood from atria
Right Ventricle - ANSWER Sends DEOXYGENATED blood to lungs
Left Ventricle - ANSWER Sends OXYGENATED blood to the peripheral circulation; Thicker muscle - pumps with greater force
Flow of blood through the heart - ANSWER Rt. Atrium - Rt. Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery
(O2 POOR) LUNGS
Lt. Atrium - Lt. Ventricle - Aorta (O2 RICH)
As an artery gets further from the heart its DIAMETER becomes - ANSWER Smaller The RIGHT side of the heart receives: - ANSWER Deoxygenated blood
The LEFT side of the heart receives: - ANSWER Oxygenated blood All vessels leading AWAY from the heart - ANSWER Arteries
All vessels leading TOWARDS heart - ANSWER Veins
Only artery that carries OXYGEN -DEPLETED blood - ANSWER Pulmonary Artery Oxygen rich blood is returned via - ANSWER Four pulmonary Veins
If a heart valve is damaged and there is back flow - ANSWER Heart Murmur
Death of an area of tissue because of interrupted blood flow - ANSWER Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Vasoconstriction - ANSWER DECREASE in diameter of artery Vasodilation - ANSWER INCREASE in diameter of artery Systolic phase - ANSWER Ventricular CONTRACTION Diastolic Phase - ANSWER ventricular RELAXATION
Blood Pressure - ANSWER The pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
Bradycardia - ANSWER Any rate BELOW 60bpm Tachycardia - ANSWER Any rate GREATER than 100bpm
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) - ANSWER Pacemaker of the heart
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) - ANSWER Electrical impulse through cardiac muscle fibers - Stimulates ventricles to CONTRACT
Norepinephrine - ANSWER Chemical which INCREASES the heart rate and strength of contractions when SYMPATHETIC fibers are stimulated
Acetylcholine - ANSWER Chemical which DECREASES the heart rate and force of contractions when PARASYMPATHETIC fibers are stimulated
Rhythms that start from impulses from the SA Node - ANSWER Sinus Rhythm Hypoxia - ANSWER Lack of oxygen; Causes Dysrhythmias
Elements of a normal sinus rhythm - ANSWER P Wave, QRS Complex, T wave P Wave - ANSWER Atrial DEPOLARIZATION
QRS Complex - ANSWER Ventricular DEPOLARIZATION T Wave - ANSWER Ventricular REPOLARIZATION
Depolarization - ANSWER Reversal of the state of electrical charge of the conducting fibers
Repolarization - ANSWER A return of the initial state of electrical charge
Rt. side large arteries of the head + neck - ANSWER Brachiocephalic Artery, Rt. Common Carotid Artery, Right Subclavian Artery into arm
Best place to palpate for a pulse - ANSWER Rt. Or Lt. Common Carotid Artery The common carotid divides into - ANSWER Internal and External carotid arteries Veins drain head + neck - ANSWER Carrying DEOXYGENATED blood to the heart Utilized for venipuncture - ANSWER Blood vessels of the arm
Artery of concern with venipuncture - ANSWER Brachial Artery Upper Airway - ANSWER Nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
Three regions of the Pharynx - ANSWER Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx Lower Airway - ANSWER Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
Arterial blood has MORE - ANSWER O2 than CO2 Veinous blood has LESS - ANSWER O2 than CO2 Hemoglobin - ANSWER Supplies body tissue with Oxygen Globin (Hemoglobin) - ANSWER Protein
Hemes (Hemoglobin) - ANSWER Four nonprotein pigments Normal Arterial Saturation - ANSWER >95%
Normal adult respiration rate - ANSWER 12-16
Endocrine system relies on - ANSWER Chemical messengers - Hormones
Overall control of the Endocrine System is provided by - ANSWER Pituitary Gland +
Centers in the Core of the Brain
Three components of Endocrine System - ANSWER Islets of Langerhans, Adrenal glands, Thyroid Gland
Islets of Langerhans - ANSWER Pancreas; Small islands of endocrine glandular cells Two Types of cells in Islets of Langerhans - ANSWER Alpha cells - Produce GLUCAGON Beta cells - Produce INSULIN
HYPOglycemic - ANSWER LOW blood sugar
HYPERglycemic - ANSWER HIGH blood sugar
Type I Dibetes - ANSWER Insulin - Dependent
Type II Diabets - ANSWER Non- Insulin dependent
Adrenal Glands - ANSWER Release adrenaline
Thyroid Gland - ANSWER Hormones that control the rate at which GLUCOSE is utilized for energy + body heat
HYPOthyroidism - ANSWER UNDERACTIVE thyroid
HYPERThyroidism - ANSWER OVERACTIVE thyroid [Show Less]