CPSS Exam 96 Questions with Verified Answers
Visual Acuity - CORRECT ANSWER the numerical value associated with the smallest objects the patient can
... [Show More] see on specific eye charts at a specific distance.
-cornerstone of the eye exam
External Exam - CORRECT ANSWER Consists of 3 segments:
-Confrontation Visual Field
-ExtraOcular Motility
-Pupil Evaluation
Confrontation Visual Field (CVF) - CORRECT ANSWER Obtains a gross measurement of the patient's peripheral vision. It is useful in the detection of damage due to a stroke, glaucoma, and some retinal detachments.
ExtraOcular Motility (EOM) - CORRECT ANSWER Measures the range of motion and the function of the six extraocular muscles. This testing helps to detect eyes that are misaligned or not working together properly.
Pupil Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluates pupils according to their size, shape, and reaction to light
Lensometer - CORRECT ANSWER an instrument that is used to document the patient's current spectacle prescription. The readings identify not only the power of the lens but also the type of lens
Refraction - CORRECT ANSWER This portion of the examination determines the best lens correction for eyes with refractive errors
Tonometry - CORRECT ANSWER a measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)
application tonometry - CORRECT ANSWER measures the force needed to flatten part of the cornea. This type of procedure requires the administration of anesthetic drop
Indentation tonometry - CORRECT ANSWER measures intraocular pressure by blowing a puff of compressed air at the cornea and measuring the amount of deflection produced. No anesthetic drop is needed for this procedure
Slit Lamp Examination - CORRECT ANSWER -most frequently performed by the physician, but portions may be done by the ophthalmic technician.
- focuses a narrow beam of light into the eye, and through magnification and light allows the physician to examine the lids and eyelashes, the conjunctiva, the cornea, iris, lens, vitreous, and fundus.
Fundus Examination - CORRECT ANSWER The physician examines the retina (back of the eye) to determine the appearance of the optic nerve/disc, the macula, and the periphery
Amsler Grid Test - CORRECT ANSWER Helps diagnose macular problems and is performed on patients with complaints of distortion, letters "jumping" when reading, or anyone with unexplained decrease in near vision. Patients describe the normal or abnormal appearance of gridlines on a chart.
Color vision - CORRECT ANSWER Using a book of color vision plates or pages, this test screens for acquired and/or hereditary color visual defects
Corneal topography - CORRECT ANSWER : Using a computerized and digital instrument, this test maps the curvature of the cornea and is useful in diagnosing corneal diseases such as keratoconus and astigmatism. This testing is often performed for contact lens fittings and preliminary evaluations for refractive surgery such as LASIK.
Binocularity - CORRECT ANSWER Tests binocularity (parallelism) and alignment of the eyes
Dry Eye Test - CORRECT ANSWER Measures the quantity of tear secretion using a special strip of paper placed under the lower lid for a specified time (often called a Schirmer test).
Extended Opthalmoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER Test in which the physician uses special magnification to see retinal detail. Testing includes a color drawing of the detail seen, as well as interpretation by the physician.
Flurescein Angiography - CORRECT ANSWER A technique for viewing the detail of the blood vessels of the retina.
-Fluorescein dye is injected into the patient's arm after which time-lapse photos are taken to document the appearance of the retinal blood vessels as the dye passes through.
This is important in the diagnosis of retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, etc
Fundus Photography - CORRECT ANSWER Photographs the appearance of the optic discs, the macula, and anomalies of the retina
Glare Test - Brightness Acuity Testing (B.A.T) - CORRECT ANSWER Determines the effects of glare on visual acuity, which is often needed to document medical necessity for cataract surgery
Gonioscopy - CORRECT ANSWER A mirrored contact lens evaluation by the physician to examine the angle structures in the front portion of eye that allow for fluid outflow (primarily a screening test for glaucoma)
Keratometry - CORRECT ANSWER Measures the curvature of a cornea. These measurements are frequently taken on patients who are being fitted for contact lenses, measured for intraocular lenses for cataract surgery, or who may have corneal problems. The results are called "K" readings.
Nerve Fiber Analyzer (HRT, GDX) - CORRECT ANSWER This computerized, digital instrument captures the appearance of the nerve fibers of the optic nerve. This test is useful in the diagnosis and maintenance of glaucoma.
Optical Coherence Tomography - CORRECT ANSWER Takes transpupillary images of the retina to assist in diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
Pachymetry - CORRECT ANSWER Measures the thickness of the cornea. This is used commonly in the diagnosis of glaucoma and corneal disease.
Potential Acuity Measure (PAM) - CORRECT ANSWER Tests a patient's potential for improvement in visual acuity following cataract surgery.
Stereopsis Test - CORRECT ANSWER Screens for normal or abnormal depth perception in both eyes
Ultrasonography (biometry) - CORRECT ANSWER Uses the reflection or echo of sound waves to measure the length of the eye or to detect abnormalities in the eye.
Visual Field (perimetry) - CORRECT ANSWER Used to test and document abnormal defects in a patient's central and peripheral vision. This test is most commonly used to diagnose and monitor glaucoma and other neurological eye problems.
Agre related macular degeneration (AMD) - CORRECT ANSWER Degeneration of the macula, resulting in loss of central and reading vision. It affects older people.
Astigmatism - CORRECT ANSWER Irregular curvature of the cornea causing blurred vision that normally can be corrected using a cylindrical lens.
Blepharitis - CORRECT ANSWER Infection and inflammation of the eyelid margins, usually causing scaling and crustiness of the upper and lower lid margins
Cataract - CORRECT ANSWER Clouding of the crystalline lens in the eye.
Chalazion - CORRECT ANSWER Swelling in the eyelid caused by an inflammation of one of the oil producing glands in the upper and/or lower eyelid.
Conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of the conjunctiva (white of the eye), often called "pink eye."
corneal abrasion - CORRECT ANSWER scratch on the cornea
corneal ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER A potentially sight-threatening lesion on the surface of the cornea, usually caused by infection or injury.
Dermatochalasis - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive eyelid skin that may impair a person's field of vision.
Diabetic Retinopathy - CORRECT ANSWER A sight-threatening disease that results in the abnormal growth and leaking of retinal blood vessels due to diabetes.
Dry Eye Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Dryness of the eye due to insufficient tear production causing scratchy, burning eyes.
Emmetropia - CORRECT ANSWER Refractive condition of the eye that requires no lens correction.
Floaters - CORRECT ANSWER Small particles or debris suspended in the vitreous, causing shadows or shapes seen by the patient
Glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER Progressive vision loss due to damage of the optic nerve, caused by higher than normal intraocular pressure.
Hyperopia - CORRECT ANSWER farsightedness
Keratitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of the cornea
Myopia - CORRECT ANSWER nearsightedness
Presbyopia - CORRECT ANSWER A condition most commonly seen in people over age 40 who have lost the ability to focus at near and who need reading glasses (magnification).
Pseudophakia - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnosis resulting from the removal of a cataract and the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL).
Pterygium - CORRECT ANSWER A growth of fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva that may extend onto the cornea.
Ptosis - CORRECT ANSWER Droopy upper lid due to age, gravity, or a weak eye muscle.
Retinal Detachment - CORRECT ANSWER Separation of the retina from the back of the eye; a potentially sightthreatening disorder.
Secondary Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Clouding of the membrane (lens capsule) of the lens after cataract surgery. This condition may be surgically treated with a laser.
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER Breaking of a blood vessel under the conjunctiva causing a "blood red" eye.
Pre-test room - CORRECT ANSWER This area provides dedicated space to begin the initial testing for the eye exam
Ancillary testing room - CORRECT ANSWER Many practices dedicate space for ancillary diagnostic tests such as A-Scan, B-Scan, corneal topography, etc. Having a specific area for these tests allows the practice to maintain a smooth flow of patients through the clinic area.
Visual Field Room - CORRECT ANSWER Provides space and equipment for completing visual field examinations for patients
Sub-waiting area - CORRECT ANSWER a dedicated waiting area for patients who have been given dilating drops for their exam
Examination Lane - CORRECT ANSWER This is a room where patients are given a thorough eye exam
Surgical Counselor's office - CORRECT ANSWER Patients who are being recommended for surgery will meet with a surgical counselor to schedule a date for surgery, review insurance reimbursement issues, and discuss pre-operative and post-operative procedures.
auto refractor - CORRECT ANSWER A computerized instrument used to help determine the eyeglasses prescription
Auto Keratometer - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used to measure the curvature of the cornea. These measurements are frequently taken on patients who are being fitted for contact lenses, measured for intraocular lenses for cataract surgery, or who may have corneal problems.
Corneal topographer - CORRECT ANSWER A computerized optical or digital instrument used to measure and map the curvature of the cornea.
Direct ophthalmoscope - CORRECT ANSWER A hand-held instrument used at close range to view the inner structures of the eye.
exopthalmometer - CORRECT ANSWER Instrument used to measure abnormal protrusion of the eye.
Fundus Camera - CORRECT ANSWER Digital or analog camera designed to photograph the retina.
Geneva Lens Clock - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used to determine the base curve of a lens.
Genio Lens - CORRECT ANSWER A mirrored lens used to examine the angle structures in the front portion of the eye that allow for fluid outflow (primarily a screening test for glaucoma)
Indirect ophthamoscope - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument worn on the physician's head that allows viewing of the peripheral retina.
Laser - CORRECT ANSWER Acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Different types of lasers are used in several applications in ophthalmology. T
Argon Laser - CORRECT ANSWER Laser in which the light source is argon gas excited by electricity, used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, trabeculoplasty, and iridotomy.
Nd:YAG laser - CORRECT ANSWER Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet. A synthetic crystal used as a laser medium to produce 1064 nm light.
The principal application of this laser in ophthalmology is for posterior capsulotomy and irridotomy.
Maddox rod - CORRECT ANSWER A transparent rod used in testing visual fusion
occluder - CORRECT ANSWER An opaque device used to cover the eye during an eye examination.
opthalmodynamometer - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used for measuring blood pressure in the central retinal artery by applying pressure to the sclera.
Pachymeter - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used to measure the thickness of the cornea. This is commonly used in the diagnosis of glaucoma and corneal disease.
Perimeter (Visual Field) - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used in visual field testing to document abnormal defects in a patient's central and peripheral vision. This test is most commonly used to diagnose and monitor glaucoma and other neurological eye problems.
Phoropter - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument containing a battery of convex, concave and cylindrical lenses used to determine an eyeglass prescription.
Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument most frequently used to test the potential for improvement in visual acuity after cataract surgery.
Prism Bar - CORRECT ANSWER A plastic bar containing a series of prisms used to test for diplopia (double vision).
Retinoscope - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used to objectively determine the refractive error of the eye.
Slit Lamp - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument with two oculars (eyepieces) that allow the examiner to view ocular structures through an attached low-powered microscope
Specular Microscope - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used to view the corneal endothelium under high magnification.
Tonometer - CORRECT ANSWER instrument used to measure intraocular pressure
A-Scan - CORRECT ANSWER Used to measure the length of the eye to assist in the calculation of the power of an intraocular lens to be used in cataract surgery.
B-Scan - CORRECT ANSWER Provides two dimensional reconstruction of the ocular and orbital tissues. It is also used to detect ocular tumors and retinal detachments.
Salt pans - CORRECT ANSWER This heating element enables the optician to mold and adjust eyeglasses by applying heat to various parts of an eyeglass frame with the use of glass beads or salt
Air Frame Warmer - CORRECT ANSWER Like a traditional frame warmer, this heating element will warm various parts of an eyeglass frame using warm air in place of salt or glass beads
Pupilometer - CORRECT ANSWER An instrument used to measure a patient's binocular or monocular PD (pupillary distance) at various distances.
Autoclave - CORRECT ANSWER This device is used to sterilize the surgical instruments before use in surgery.
Phaco - CORRECT ANSWER A commonly used abbreviation for an instrument used during phacoemulsification (cataract) surgery. This instrument breaks the lens (cataract) into small pieces and aspirates the lens material out of the eye.
LASIK - CORRECT ANSWER A procedure using a laser/lasers to reshape the cornea, often using wavefront technology to maximize results.
Corneal Relaxing Incisions (CRI) - CORRECT ANSWER : A procedure in which incisions are made into the cornea to reduce astigmatism. This procedure is sometimes performed at the time of cataract surgery, but can also be completed in a physician office's minor procedure room
Refractive Lense Exchange (RLE) - CORRECT ANSWER A procedure involving the removal of the eye's natural lens, either clear or cloudy (cataract), and the insertion of an intraocular lens. This lens may be monofocal, multifocal, or accommodative, depending on the patient's needs [Show Less]