Medical Model
defines disability in terms of biological impairments. Disability is viewed as a problem that is caused by diagnosed genetic disorders,
... [Show More] disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical care.
Social Model
Rather than place the definition of "disability" entirely on the person with a disability, this model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent, "disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely points out that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives. The model emphasizes the human rights of people with disabilities to participate in society in meaningful ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our diagnoses
Functional Solutions Model
model takes a practical approach to disability by identifying the impairments, or limitations, that are a result of disability. The model then seeks out solutions for eradicating these limitations through advancements in technology or methodology. There is less of a focus on the social and political aspects of disability, but more focus on applying innovation to overcoming the limitations of disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this approach. They see a need and try to meet the need with their products and/or services.
Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model
People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of disability, because groups of people with different types of disabilities—or even without any disabilities—may consider themselves part of the same social group.
Charity Model/Tragedy Model
treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment. People without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up fundraisers, projects, assistance, and other interventions to improve the condition of those with disabilities. Many people with disabilities find this approach offensive, even if the end result produces something that helps people with disabilities. With this approach, the offensive part is the attitude and the assumptions. People without disabilities are in the position of the givers; the "fortunate" ones. People with disabilities are in the position of the receivers; the "unfortunate" ones. This kind of arrangement sets up an unequal power balance, and an unhealthy social relationship between groups of people.
Blindness
Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the term is often used to define a total loss of vision, it may also refer to partial blindness, where sight may be extremely limited (low vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Screen Readers
Convert the text on the web page into spoken words. Blind people listen to web pages [Show Less]