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List the six basic nutrients:
1. Water
2. Carbohydrates
3. Protein
4. Fats
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals
List basic function for the six
... [Show More] nutrients:
1. Assists in digestion and absorption of food.
2. Supply the body with energy and extra protein
3. Tissue growth and repair, supply energy
4. Helps the body store energy
5. Needed by the body to function
6. Help build bones, make hormones, and help in blood formation.
___________ is the most essential nutrient for life.
water
Minerals include ______, ______, ___________, and _______________.
Zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium
List two food sources for each nutrient:
Protein:Carbohydrates:Fats:
Protein: seafood, poultry, meat, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, nut butters, peas, beans, or legumes
Carbohydrates: Bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, vegetables, fruits, sugars, sweets, syrups
Fats: Butter, beef, pork, fowl, fish, dairy products, olives, nuts, and seeds
Which color vegetables have the best nutritional content?
Dark green, red, and orange
This food group is our body's best source of energy?
Breads and cereals
Which of these is not considered one of the six nutrients?
fiber
Culture, ethnicity, income, education, and geography all affect ideas about nutrition. Food preferences may change. Why should we listen to and respect the changes and preferences of our residents?
Because residents have the legal right to make choices about their food.
CNAs should respect a resident's food preferences.
T
If a resident won't eat a food, it's best to respect their privacy and not ask questions.
F
What might influence food preferences?
religion
How can you help make meal times more enjoyable?
Have the resident eat with friends or stay for the meal
Residents with what health issues may be on a low-sodium diet?
High blood-pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, or fluid retention.
What common food item is restricted in a low-sodium diet?
Salt
Residents with what condition may be on a fluid-restricted diet?
a. Severe heart disease
b. kidney disease
A low-protein diet may be used to protect which organ from protein compounds?
Kidneys
Diabetics should avoid foods that are high in _________.
sugar
Lacto-ovo
dairy and eggs
Ovo-vegetarian
Person who consumes all vegan food items plus eggs.
__________ diets are usually ordered as clear or full.
Liquid
What are two examples of clear liquids?
1. Juices
2. broth
3. gelatin
4. popsicles
Name something that would be on a tray of a resident with a soft diet:
pudding
What are two examples of full liquids?
1. Cream soups
2. milk
3. ice cream
Name a difference between a soft and a mechanical diet:
a soft diet is soft in texture and consists of foods easy to swallow and chew
a mechanical diet consist of chopped or blended diet
Infection, fever, diarrhea, and some medications will increase the need for __________ intake.
fluid
Sense of thirst can lessen as people age.
T
Proper fluid intake is important because:
a. Dilutes wastes and flushes out the urinary system
b. Helps prevent constipation
c. Helps prevent confusion
Force Fluids (FF) means that the resident is allowed to drink, but must limit the daily amount to a level set by the doctor.
F
Restrict fluids (RF) means the resident should be encouraged to drink more fluids.
F
What acronym is used for nothing by mouth?
NPO
Why might someone be on the nothing by mouth restriction?
If they have such a severe problem with swallowing that it is unsafe to give them anything by mouth.
Define the following terms:
1. Dehydration:2. Fluid overload3. Edema:
1. Dehydration: a serious condition that occurs when a person does not have enough fluid in the body
2. Fluid overload: occurs when the body cannot handle the fluid consumed
3. Edema: swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues
List five signs and symptoms of dehydration:
1. dry mouth
2. cracked lips
3. sunken eyes
4. dark urine
5. strong-smelling urine
Name two illnesses or conditions patients may have that puts the patient as greater risk of weight loss or malnutrition: ____________ and _______.
Diabetes and COPD. [ALSO: cancer, and HIV]
It's important that the CNA sit while feeding a seated resident.
T
If food is too hot, the CNA should blow on the resident's food.
F
Position the resident so that they are sitting upright.
T
To encourage healthy eating the CNA should remain silent during meals.
F
Food should be served at the correct temperature.
T
Record meal and snack intake.
T
Alternate types of foods and drink to increase appetite.
T
Disregard likes and dislikes, serve the same food to everyone.
F
Serve food in the usual order even if the resident prefers otherwise.
F
Feed the resident if he/she is having trouble using utensils.
T
You do not have to wash your hands before feeding a resident.
F
Before delivering a food tray, identify the resident by name and match it.
T
Make sure the resident can see all the food on the tray.
T
It is important to sit where you can make eye contact with resident.
T
Use the bed linen to wipe a resident's mouth as needed.
f
Use a clothing protector (not a bib) if needed and remove after the meal.
T
Make sure the bed is free of crumbs.
T
It is important to correctly identify a resident before serving a meal tray.
T
Performing handwashing before helping a resident eat is required
T
Residents do not need to wash their hands before they eat.
F
Check the temperature of the food before you assist with eating
T
When feeding a resident it is okay if they lounge in bed watching TV
F
Have the resident eat first and then drink some fluid
F
The use of a clothing protector is insulting and should not be done
F
Food trays should be observed after a meal to see if the resident is eating
T
List at least six signs and symptoms of Dysphagia:
1) Coughing during or after meals
2) Choking during meals
3) Dribbling saliva, food, or fluid from the mouth
4) Having food residue inside the mouth or
cheeks during and after meals
5) Gurgling during or after meals or losing voice
6) Eating slowly
7) Avoiding eating
8) Spitting out pieces of food
9) Swallowing several times per mouthful
10) Clearing the throat frequently during and
after meals
11) Watering eyes when eating or drinking
12) Food or fluid coming up into the nose
13) Making a visible effort to swallow
14) Breathing rapidly or with shorter breaths
while eating or drinking
15) Difficulty chewing food
16) Difficulty swallowing medications
Inhaling food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs is called aspiration.
T
PN stands for ___________ ____________.
parenteral nutrition
Where is a nasogastric tube inserted into a patient?
into the nose
A percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube is placed into the stomach through ____ ____________ _______.
the abdominal wall
CNAs can never insert or remove tubes in a patient, or do the feeding through these tubes, but they can irrigate (clean) the tubes.
F
CNAs can clean and store used equipment (like a PEG tube).
T
After meals, keep a resident upright for as long as ordered, at least ___ minutes.
30
Name two diseases or conditions residents may have that could require special assistance when eating:
1. Stroke
2. Parkinson's disease
3. Alzheimer's disease or other dementias
4. Head trauma
5. Blindness
6. Confusion
How can you help a visually-impaired resident to navigate the foods in front of them?
Use the face of an imaginary clock to explain the position of foods
If a resident has balance issues sitting in a dining room chair, you should:
seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than a wheelchair. Ask him to keep his elbows on the table.
Why would a resident wear a neck brace to eat?
If they have poor neck control, to stabilize the head during eating.
It is important to help residents maintain independence, so using assistive devices is better than just feeding the resident yourself.
T
People with Parkinson's Disease do not need to eat as often.
F
If a resident holds food in his mouth, let him, he can eat it later.
F
If a resident bites down on utensils pull it out hard to get him to stop.
F
If a resident bites down on utensils pull it out hard to get him to stop.
F
Eating is an important physical and psychological activity.
T [Show Less]