which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - correct answer mandibular (this decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that
... [Show More] can penetrate to nerves during infiltration injections)
due to the thickness of cortical bone, which is a good option for local anesthetic in the mandibular arch during infiltrations? - correct answer Articaine (Septocaine) is sometimes effective for mand. infiltrations (4% vs. 2% for lidocaine) due to the increased number of molecules
hematomas are most common with which type of injection, and why? - correct answer PSA due to nicking a vessel in the pterygoid plexus of veins
what is the TX for a hematoma? - correct answer pressure, cold compresses on/off, NSAIDS, and time.
a positive aspiration when administering a PSA is due to what? - correct answer aspirating hemorrhage caused by injection
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to occur? - correct answer 1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused by what? - correct answer vasospasm/vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what anatomical structures? - correct answer ramus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally by what? - correct answer pterygoid hamulus (palpation), coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe (visual)
the mandibular foramen lies approx. __________________________ of the distance from the anterior border of the ramus to the posterior border - correct answer 1/2 to 2/3
Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located between the ___________________________. - correct answer middle oft he maxillary second molar and the middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? - correct answer external carotid (most are direct or indirect branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the lingula -- this is a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - correct answer internal jugular (both internal and external drain into the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? - correct answer myelinated (impulses jump from node to node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - correct answer the process of nerve impulses jumping from nodes of ranvier along a myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - correct answer inside is negative and outside is positive
what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting potential? - correct answer Na+ outside and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - correct answer Na+ channels open , Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+ flows out to restore neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting potential) [Show Less]