How are lipids carried
on lipoproteins in the blood because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on
... [Show More] lipoproteins
apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein
more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein
less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins
chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL, HDL
Chylomicrons
least dense of the lipoproteins and are triglyceride-rich particles that are formed in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found
Transport dietary fat and can be found in the bloodstream at highest concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles
Chlyomicron, vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins
LDL
LDL carries
60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries
20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream
LDL= TC-(HDL-C-(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate
when TG exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level
<200
Borderline high total cholesterol level
200-240
High total cholesterol level
>240
Optimal TG level
<150
Borderline high TG level
150-199
High TG level
200-499
Very high TG levels
>500
Optimal in men HDL levels
>40
Optimal in women HDL levels
>50
Optimal LDL-C levels
<100
Near optimal LDL-C levels
100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels
130-159
High LDL-C levels
160-189
Very high LDL-C levels
>190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of
VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation
HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia
Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C and only modest elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome
requires the presence of any 3 of the following conditions: abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP and hyperglycemia
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity
WC >102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia
≥150 or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL
<40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP
SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia
Fasting glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis
Traditional risk factors are a source of inflammatory changes in the blood vessel wall --> which attract lipid laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells to enter the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop atherosclerotic plaques --> which are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD [Show Less]