Neurocognitive Issues Associated with Frontal Lobe - correct answer Emotional control, behavioral control, verbal expression, problem solving, decision
... [Show More] making, social control, attention, motivation
Acquired BI - correct answer An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital or degenerative or induced by birth trauma
TBI - correct answer An alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain pathology, casused by an external force
Mild TBI Characteristics - correct answer Brief or no loss of consciousness for 0-30mins, altered state of consciousness is most common and must be <24 hours, account for 75% of TBIs, 13-15 on the GCS, normal imaging, highest prevalence of maltreatment as 16-25% never seek care, often considered a concussion
Moderate TBI Characteristics - correct answer Loss of consciousness for up to 24 hours, may appear on scans, skull fractures and bleeding are common, 9-12 on the GCS
Severe TBI Characteristics - correct answer Loss of consciousness >24 hours, 3-8 on the GCS
Likelihood of Additional Injury - correct answer 1 BI increases risk of 2nd by 3x and 2nd BI increases risk of 3rd by 8x!
Most Frequent Cause of TBI - correct answer Falls
How many people sustain a BI per year? - correct answer 2.5 million. 81% visit ED, 16% hsopitalized, 3% result in death
How many people are living with effects of a TBI? - correct answer 13.5 million
Likelihood of BI by gender - correct answer Men are 1.4x more likely than women
Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 75+ - correct answer Falls!
Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 0-3 - correct answer AHT!
Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 20-24 - correct answer MVAs and Firearms
Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 16-19 - correct answer MVAs!
CARF - correct answer Accreditation agency for post acute BI programs, residential, outpatient, vocational, home and community, stroke and pediatric programs - ensures quality of services through requirements for accreditation and surveys
Joint Commission - correct answer Accreditation agency for hospital based programs, may accompany CARF accreditation, ensures quality of services through requirements for accreditation and surveys
Olmsted Decison - correct answer Supreme court case stimulated by two women living in a nursing home in Georgia for community inclusion - resulted in federal and state initiatives to improve and normalize community living
Model Systems of Care 1987 - correct answer Resulted in research projects for TBI by the NIDDR, established rehab facilities to provide care and complete clinical research in the process
Symptoms of Mild TBI - correct answer Headache, fatigue, seizures, nausea, numbness, poor sleep, light sensitivity, noise sensitivity, impaired hearing, blurred vision, dizziness, loss of balance, neurological abnormality, in attentiveness, decreased concentration, poor memory, impaired judgment, slow proccessing speed, executive dysfunction, depression, anxiety, agitation, irritability, aggression, impulsivity
Primary causes of Mild TBI - correct answer Traumatic intertial - brain moving inside skull
Traumatic impact - head hits directly
Early Treatment for Mild TBI - correct answer Relaxation techniques, rest, slow return to normal activity, and reduction of normal activity if symptoms recur
Peristent Post Concussive Symptoms (PPCS) - correct answer Symptoms of Mild TBI last >1 month, occurs 10% of the time in Mild TBI cases
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) - correct answer Often cause by repeated blows to the head, is a progressive, degenerative condition characterized by broken nuerons which continually release tau protein cashing dementia over time
Diffuse axonal injury -> tau protein release -> inflammation of the brain -> progressive dementia
Define Skull - correct answer Bony shell that protects the brain, has bony prominences inside which can worsen brain injury
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) - correct answer Provides cushion to nerve tissue, produced by ventricles (4) which also store and circulation CSF through the brain
Meninges - correct answer Pia Mater - molds around suclhi and gyri, deepest layer
Arachnoid Mater - spiderweb-like, middle layer
Dura Mater - hard plastic, top layer
Nuerons vs Glial Cells - correct answer Nuerons communicate electrical impulses throughout brain while Glial cells support and nourish Nuerons
Synapse - correct answer A junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, allows for passing of communication fro, nueron to neuron [Show Less]