What is biopsychology?
The scientific study of the biology of behavior
What is neuroscience?
The scientific study of the nervous
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The _____ system is where your brain controls all of your behavior!
nervous
What is neuroanatomy?
Structure of the brain
What is neurochemistry?
chemicals in the nervous system
What is neuroendocrinology?
hormones in your body
what is neuropathology?
diseases of the nervous system
what is neurophysiology?
functions of the nervous system
what is neuropharmacology?
how drugs effect the nervous system
_____ is the scientific study of behavior.
psychology
_______ is any overt activities of the organism as well as the internal processes that underlie them.
behavior
______ _______ is the scientific study of the biology of behavior.
biological psychology
_____ is the systematic pursuit of knowledge.
give an example of this..
science
ex: Theres a car in a tree, and we want to figure out how it got there.
-come up with a theory
-make a hypotheses
-test it
-amend it
What is behavioral neuroscience?
The study of "the brain in relation to behavior, its evolution, function, abnormalities, and repair, as well as its interactions with the immune system, cardiovascular system, and energy regulation systems."
Biopsychology is referred to as an "Infant" because as an independent discipline did not emerge until the 20th century. In 1949, ____ ____ came up with the organization of behavior. Things are CHANGING everyday!
D.O. Hebb
What are the 3 major dimensions of biopsychological research?
1. human vs. nonhuman
2. experiment vs. non experiment
3. pure (basic) vs. applied
What are human advantages when using them in research studies ?
What are animal advantages when using them for research?
human advantages: They can talk, go to the bathroom on their own, longer lifespan, can self report, CHEAPER, their brain is actually human, they follow instructions.
animal advantages: safer, brains are less complicated, no limit on number of subjects, allows for comparative approaches, can conduct research that is not ethical in humans. ex: TBI (traumatic brain injuries) we can use animals to figure out what is going on with people with brain injuries. But it would not be ethical to do this type of study on humans.
When you do an experiment it establishes a ____ relationship.
Causal!
causal relationships only occur with experiments!
What is the difference between a between subjects experiment and a within subjects experiment?
between subjects: compare one part of the class to another part of the class.
within subjects: give everyone class a drug and the next week give everyone is class the placebo!
What is the independent variable ?
What is the dependent variable?
IV= "I" control it!
DV= this is the result which DEPENDS on the IV.
When you are doing a study and you have an alternative explanation (something else that explains the finding that causes conflict in the IV and DV. this is known as the ______ ______.
ex??
confounded variable.
ex: Korsakoff's syndrome: "alcohol causes dementia" but it was actually the thiamin deficiency (nutrition) that causes dementia. This is a confound variable!
What are 3 examples that are considered to be "non experiments" ?
1. Quasi experiment
2. case studies
3. correlations
-What is a Quasi experiment?
-What is a case study?
-What are correlation?
1. studies of groups of individuals who have been exposed to the condition of interest in the real world.
2. studies that focus on a single subject (or case)
-excellent source for hypothesis but lack generalizability.
3. Determine whether two variables are related.
What is pure research?
What is applied research?
Pure research: Motivated primarily by the curiosity of the researcher. Purpose is to acquired knowledge.
ex: who saw the blue dress and who saw the gold dress?
applied research: Research intended to bring about some direct benefit to humankind. This has more of a purpose to everyone!!
You don't normally have applied research without pure research and vise versa!
GOT IT?!
______ research is when pure research and applied research work/fit together !!
translational
Divisions of biopsychology (6 of them) what are they?
1. Physiological psychology
2. psychopharmacology
3. neuropsychology
4. psychophysiology
5. cognitive neuroscience
6. comparative psychology
What is physiological psychology?
The study of the neural mechanisms of behavior through the direct manipulation of the brain in controlled experiments.
-Normally done on animals
-pure and applied
ex: surgery into the brain, electrical manipulation (shocking the brain)
What is Psychopharmacology?
The study of the effects of drugs on the brain and behavior.
-Done on humans and animals
- could be experiment or non-experiment
What is Neuropsychology ?
The study of the psychological effects of brain damage in human patients.
-non-experiment because we look at people who this has already happened to.
-Mostly applied research because we want people to get better.
ex: They study blast injury to brain, stroke, concussion.
What is Psychophysiology?
The study of the relationship between physiological activity and psychological processes.
-Done in humans or animals
-It can be experiment or non-experiment
-It is pure or applied
ex: EEG, muscle tension, eye movement, heart rate, skin conductance.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The study of the neural bases of cognition. Anytime it involves brain imaging you can use..
-humans or animals
ex: thoughts, memory, perception, attention
-utilizes functional brain imaging.
What is comparative psychology ?
The study of the general biology of behavior. Comparing behavior across species!
-Not concerned with neural mechanisms
ex: lab research, ethological research
The goal of ______ is to characterize, throughs scientific methods, the unobservable process by which the nervous system controls behavior.
biopsychology
Is behavior physiological(physical being) or psychological(mental)?
Is it inherited or leanred??
BOTH!!!
Behavior is nature and nurture
_____ _____ a 17th century French Philosopher argued that the universe is composed of two elements.
1. physical matter: which behaves according to the laws of nature and is thus a suitable object of scientific investigation.
2. The Human mind: (soul,self,spirit) which lacks physical substance, controls human behavior, obeys no natural laws, and is thus the appropriate purview of the church.
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes came up with the philosophy " cartesian dualism" Which is the idea that??? WHat...
The idea that the human brain and the mind are separate entities became even more widely accepted.
There are two lines of evidence against "physiological-or- psychological thinking" (the assumption that some aspects of human psychological functioning are so complex that they could not possibly be the product of a physical brain)
okay!
Even the most complex psychological changes can be produced by _____ to or stimulation of the brain.
ex??
damage
ex: the case of the man who fell out of bed. He could not recognize his own leg.
-This patient was suffering from asomatognosia, a deficiency in the awareness of parts of one's own body. Asomatognosia typically involves the left side of the body and usually results from damage to the right parietal lobe.
Some non-human species possess abilities that were assumed to be purely psychological (and therefore, purely human) "self- awareness"
-Even though their brains are less complex than the brains of humans, some species are capable of high levels of psychological complexity.
ex??
EXAMPLE: the case of the chimps and the mirrors.
-The chimpanzee has self-awareness when looking in the mirror. They put a red dot on his eyebrow and the chimp realizes it is not suppose to be there, and tries to get it off.
What is the story about "learned" proponents and Little Albert?
-Who carried out the unethical test on Little Albert?
John Watson put Little Albert in a room with a white/furry animal..then he made a loud noise to scare him!
-After repeating this multiple times, Little Albert became afraid of ALL white and furry things.
-John Watson believed this was 100% LEARNING and what was happening around little albert that impacted him. He LEARNED to think that white furry things were scary.
When doing studies, John Watson believed _______ was the cause of individuals actions.
LEARNING! [Show Less]