• What is the dominant phase of life cycle of vascular plants? - Sporophyte phase of sporic life cycle
• What are vascular plants believed to be
... [Show More] descendant from? - Green algae: Chlorophyta
• What 2 groups are vascular plants divided into? - Seed plants and seedless plants
• What are characteristics ofseedless plants? - Release spores,
• When were extinct seedless vascular plants common? What was the Era common for? – During the Devonian
Period of the Paleozoic Era: 400 MYA; Spore releasing plants and "fish"
• What were the first plants with a dominant sporophyte phase? - Rhyniophyta
• Describe Phylum Rhyniophyta: Extinct seedless vascular plants – Plants with dominant sporophyte phase, with a
rhizome and erect branches with protostele
• Describe a protostele - Primary vascular tissue composed of a central core of xylem surrounded by phloem
• What did rhynia result in? - Rhynia: Resulted in 2 other phyla that are extinct. Cause this by reduction in the
branches bearing sporangia
• What two extinct phylum resulted from shortening of the sporangia containing branches Rhynia? -
Zosterophyllophyta and Trimerophyllophyta
• Example of phylum Zosterophyllophta: Extinctseedless vascular plants- Zosterophyllum
• Describe phylum Zosterophyllophta: Extinct seedless vascular plants- Lateralsporangia on short branches on
sides of erect stems
• Describe phylum trimerophyllophyta: Extinct seedless vascular plants- Clusters ofsporangia with enations
• Describe Enations- Scale-like photosynthetic extensions on erect branches
• What are the four "Extant" seedless vascular plants (still living) - Phylum; Psilotophyta, T
• Example of phylum psilotophyta: extant vascularseedless plants- Psilotum
• Describe psilotum - Only member of phylum, resembles 1st vascular plants, dichotomous with forked branches,
tropical and subtropical, with rhizome
• Describe branches and sporangia of psilotophyta - Forked erect branches with enations:
• Fused into groups of 3s, yellow at maturity
• Describe enations of phylum psilotophyta - No vascular tissue, forked if found under sporangia on the erect
branch
• Describe rhizome of phylum psilotophyta - no roots, rhizoids, mycorrhizal fungi
• What are homospores? - Does not produce male and female spores
• What are the two types of leaves? - Mirophyll with unbranched veins. (vascular bundle) Megaphyll with
branched veins
• How do we think lycophyta evolved from Zo? - Webbing over the branches.
• Describe the webbing that covers leaves and branches- Expansion of thin photosynthetic tissue from green
branches of the first vascular plants
• Describe phylum Lycophyta - Microphylls,
• Describe genus Lycopodium; Phylum Lycophyta - Few localspecies, has a rhizome on top of the soil, aerial
branches, have strobili,
• Describe the aerial branches of genus Lycopodium; Phylum Lycophyta - microphylls veins,sporophylls(leaves
with sporangia), spores, lycopodium powder
• What is lycopodium powder? - Flammable; was used for camera flashes and fireworks
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