]where does transcription start - ANSWER ==at the 5' end
translation - ANSWER ==the production of protein by the ribosome using the
sequence of mRNA as
... [Show More] a template
silent mutations - ANSWER ==result in no change in the amino acid sequence
missense mutation - ANSWER ==changes in a single base pair in a codon such that
the codon now encodes a difference amino acid
nonsense mutation - ANSWER ==changes in a base pair in a codon to a STOP codon
that terminates translation
frameshift mutations - ANSWER ==disrupts the coding of a protein because there is
either an insertion or deletion
single damaged nucleotide repaired with - ANSWER ==base excision repair
multiple damaged nucleotides - ANSWER ==nucleotide excision repair
mistakes in replication (mismatches) - ANSWER ==mismatch repair
DNA polymerase proofreading - ANSWER ==
double stranded breaks repair - ANSWER ==homologous recombination
nonhomologous end joining - ANSWER ==
how is red-green color blindness inherited - ANSWER ==x-linked recessive condition
heat denatures what - ANSWER ==hydrophobic interactions
changes in pH denatures what - ANSWER ==ionic and hydrogen bonds
high salt concentrations denatures what - ANSWER ==ionic and hydrogen bonds
reducing agents denatures what - ANSWER ==disulfide bonds
how many dna copies are created after the completion of 4 PCR cycles - ANSWER
==16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in PCR - ANSWER ==recognizes the primers
and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the DNA sequence
What allows a gene to have an increased expression - ANSWER ==more space
between the nucleosomes; in other words, they are not packed too closely together
what occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA - ANSWER
==alternative combinations of eons within the same gene are linked together by getting
rid of introns
what is recombination - ANSWER ==repairing the damaged chromosome/DNA with a
homologous chromosome
which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein -
ANSWER ==hydrophobic effect
what process is disrupted after a pt ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of
a stomach - ANSWER ==protein catabolism
what is protein aggregation - ANSWER ==a biological phenomenon in which misfiled
proteins aggregate --> implicated in diseases like ALS, Alzheimers, Dementia,
Parkinsons
Which structural level shows the greatest difference when comparing denatured
proteins with the normal version of the protein - ANSWER ==tertiary structure
which level of protein structure is established through the dehydration synthesis of
peptide bonds - ANSWER ==primary structure is held together by peptide bonds
between the amino and carboxyl group through dehydration synthesis
how do the enzyme-catalyzed reactions differ from the uncatalyzed reactions -
ANSWER ==they are 10^6-10^12 times faster
what is an accurate description of the proton gradient formed during aerobic metabolism
- ANSWER ==higher H+ in the intermembrane space than in the matrix
which complex polysaccharide acts as an energy-storing molecule in the liver -
ANSWER ==glycogen
what occurs during the biochemical process of glycation - ANSWER ==a covalent
bond forms between sugar and a protein or lipid without the action of an enzyme
which cellular condition prompts the cell to perform fermentation instead of the kreb's
cycle - ANSWER ==lack of oxygen [Show Less]