BIO 181 (Capco ASU) Exam 3 (Final Exam) Questions and complete answers
T/F Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells.
The
... [Show More] resting potential of neurons is:
T/F The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system.
In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is:
The action potential is:
T/F The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal.
T/F When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate.
The post-synaptic cell can be:
T/F Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell.
T/F Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin.
T/F Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating.
T/F The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron.
List the 4 types of glial cells and list a phrase to describe their function.
The central nervous system (CNS) contains: CORRECT ANSWERS Brain and Spinal Cord (There is no correct answer).
T/F Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channel. T/F Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid
T/F The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K- ATPase pump.
T/F The receptors in post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the synapse can be defined as inhibitory or excitatory. T/F
The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs.
T/F
Voltage-gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor.
The neural tissues are:
T/ F Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes.
Briefly explain why the action potential flows only from the axon hillock to the terminal web..
T/F Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell.
How do the glial cells (i.e., myelin sheath) speed up the firing of neurons?
The terminal web:
T/F Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons.
T/F Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire.
T/F Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol
When epinephrine is released it triggers activation of which part of the Autonomic Nervous System?.
T/F Insulin is produced by alpha cells.
T/F When the Sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to glucose to provide more energy.
T/F The medulla of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine (i.e., adrenaline).
Your mom came back from her medical appointment and said that the M.D. told her she had low bone density. What medical problem could this cause and what hormones/endocrine glands in the body are involved?
T/F Vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis.
T/F Insulin is a ligand.
What could the stress of taking an exam do to your glucose levels in various parts of the body?
T/F The Parasympathetic Nervous System is triggered to act by exposure to epinephrine. Explain how insulin and glucagon regulate the balance (i.e, homeostasis) between glycogen and glucose when epinephrine (i.e., adrenalin) is not involved.
T/F Vitamin D is really a hormone.
Where do fats in the body play a role in balance between glucose and glycogen?
T/F Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).
What does carbonic anhydrase do?
T/F Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs.
T/F The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood.
T/F Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not.
There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them.
T/F The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.
Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.
T/F The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.
When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process.
To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________.
The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________.
T/F When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.
T/F Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs.
T/F Unlike other epithelia the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations.
There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________.
What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?
When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system? The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?
T/F The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.
T/F The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.
One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs.
T/F The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen.
Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:
T/F When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting. T/F Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells. T/F The left ventricle of the heart contains more muscle.
T/F Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries.
T/F The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node.
T/F In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells.
T/F The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.
T/F The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine. T/F The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.
T/F In mammals ventilation is tidal.
T/F The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.
The heart contains two circuits. Name them.
When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?
T/F When the ventricles contract blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing. T/F Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________.
T/F The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine.
T/F Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus.
T/F Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule.
T/F The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.
T/F The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds.
T/F Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman's capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman' s capsule.
Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney..
T/F Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
T/F Urine leaves our body through the urethra.
T/F The kidney filters about 180 liters of blood per day.
T/F In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.
What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?
T/F The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
T/F The Bowman's capsule is the beginning of the nephron. T/F The Bowman's capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.
T/F The kidney controls the water balance in the body. [Show Less]