-probe is pointing to the hypothalamus
-right above the hypothalamus we see the circulated portion right under the length of the probe; that is
... [Show More] the
THALAMUS
-you can see the white bulb like structure right UNDER the hypothalamus which is the pituitary gland
-hypothalamus will directly control the action of the pituitary gland
-probe is on the pons, then the medulla oblongata, and then into the spinal cord
Lab 2 - Senses
This lab is about the senses; general senses and special senses
● When we think about information that our body gathers from our senses, we generally think of our special
senses:
○ Taste, vision, smell
○ When we think of those things, we generally think of eating a good meal, seeing a pretty day
outside or hearing music that we enjoy ; however, sensory information goes far beyond and
pleasurable sensation that we receive from it
● The information that we gather from our senses is essential for our intellectual function, personality
development, and for life sustaining properties
○ Example: one of our senses/abilities is pain; if we are missing the ability to sense pressure or pain,
then we are not able to remove ourselves from a harmful stimulus
○ Example; there are have been studies regarding prisoners who have been in isolation and the
effects of that solitary confinement to their intellectual functioning ; it has been shown that people
who have been in that solitary confinement with sensory deprivation have been known to
hallucinate visually; tactile hallucinations; and also demonstrate and intellectual decline
● So the information that we gather from our senses is vital to our life
How do we detect changes in our environment through our body?
● The first line of reception are things called a sensory receptor
○ Sensory receptors are structures that are specialized to detect the senses and convert one form of
energy into another
○ Example: the sensory receptor with gather in info from the environment so if it is light or sound it
will convert it into a nerve signal which is then sent to the brain for processing
● The sense organs that we have in our body are specialized structures composed of nervous tissue and
other types of tissue that works to enhance the response that we gather from the environment and these
sensory receptors
What type of receptors do we have in our body?
● We have different types of receptors that will respond to different types of stimuli
● Thermoreceptors
○ Respond to heat or cold
● Photoreceptors
○ Found in our eyes and respond to light
● Chemoreceptors
○ Responds to chemicals
○ Odors , taste
● Nocioreceptors
○ Respond to tissue injuries so these are our pain receptors
In the body there are 2 broad classes of senses
● General senses - receptors for the general senses are widely distributed throughout the body in our
muscles, joints, organs
○ These senses respond to stimuli like general touch, pain, temp
○ More of a widely distributed type of sensation
● Special Sense - are limited to the head and innervated by cranial nerves
○ Sense organs that go along with special senses are much more complex tissue structures that
gather in this information from the environment
○ Examples of special senses: vision, hearing, taste, equilibrium, smell
○ Vision and hearing will be discussed today
Auditory Sensations and our Equilibrium
● Auditory system is responsible for our sense of hearing and our sense of equilibrium
● Help us to detect sound and help us to maintain our bodies sense of balance
● Our cranial nerve 8 (vestibulocochlear nerve) is responsible for this system
○ Vestibular branch innervates the control of equilibrium (balance)
○ Cochlear branch innervates to control hearing
● Ear is divided into 3 sections:
● Outer (external), middle ear, inner ear
● All 3 of these sections are responsible for hearing; only the inner ear is responsible for equilibrium
● More specifically about hearing, the first 2 parts (outer and middle) are more concerned with conducting
sound waves into inner ear where they are processed for sound
Looking at the Poster of External Ear:
● External ear is a funnel for collecting sound; going to direct the sound waves into the canal and end at the
eardrum [Show Less]