3 levels of scientific understanding
DPC
Description
Prediction
Control
Description
Systematic observations that can be quantified &
... [Show More] classified
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Prediction
AKA: correlation; covariation
2 events may regularly occur at the same time. This does not mean one causes the other
Control
AKA: causation
Functional relation.
The highest level of scientific understanding.
Experimental demonstration that manipulating one event (IV) results in another event (DV).
6 attitudes of science
Philosophical assumptions of bx
DEER PP
Determinism
Empiricism
Experimentation
Replication
Parimony
Philosophical Doubt
Determinism
Cause & effect
Lawfulness
Orderly & predictable
Empiricism
Facts
Experimental, data-based scientific approach, drawing upon observation & experience.
Requires objective qualification & detailed description of events.
Experimentation
Basic strategy of most sciences.
Requires manipulating variables to see effects on DV.
Experiment to determine if one event caused another.
Replication
Repeating experiments
Parisomy
The simplest theory.
All simple & logical explanations must be ruled out first before complex explanations.
Philosophical Doubt
Having healthy skepticism & a critical eye
7 dimensions of ABA
BATCAGE or GET A CAB
Behavioral
Applied
Technological
Conceptually Systematic
Analytic
Generality
Effective
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Behavioral
Observable events.
Must be a bx in need of improvement.
Applied
Socially significant bxs
Technological
Procedures clearly & precisely so they are replicable.
RECIPE
Conceptually Systematic
Procedures should be based on principles of ABA
Analytic
AKA: Functional Relation, Experimentation, Control, Causation
A functional relation is demonstrated.
Generality
AKA: Generalization
Extends bx change across time, settings, or other bxs
Effective
Improves bx in a practical manner
Mentalism Terminology
Hypothetical Constructs
Explanatory Fictions
Circular Reasoning
4 Branches of Behavior Analysis
CASE
Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
ABA
Behavior Service Delivery
Experimental Analysis of Bx (EAB)
2 types of bx
Respondent
Operant
Respondent Bx
AKA: Reflex, Reflexive Relations, Unconditioned, US-UR
Elicited
Involuntary
Reflex
Habituation
Habituation
Eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly that respondent bx diminishes
Phylogenic
Bx that is genetic
Respondent conditioning
AKA: Classical Conditioning, Pavlovian Conditioning, S-S Pairing, CS-CR
When new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents.
Operant Behavior
AKA: S-R-S, 3 term contingency, ABC
Emit/evoke
Bx whose probability is determined by its history of consequences.
Voluntary action.
Operants defined in terms of their relationship to controlling variables.
FUNCTION.
Encompasses both reinforcement & punishment.
Adaptation
Adaptation
Reductions in responding by repeated or prolonged presentation to antecedent stimulus.
Ontogentic
Learning that results from interactions with environment
Operant Contingency
AKA: Behavioral Contingency, Contingency, 3-term Contingency, ABC
The occasion for a response (SD), the response, & the outcome.
The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the bx.
Reinforcer or punisher is "contingent" on a bx
3-term contingency
ABC
What is the primary analysis in ABA?
Contiguity
When 2 stimuli occur close together in time, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli.
3 Principles of Bx
PER
Punishment
Extinction
Reinforcement
All strategies are derived from these 3 principles.
applied
ABA is a(n) _______ science.
ABA
A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant bx & for developing a technology of bx change that is practical & applicable
Science
To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study (socially significant bxs)
Response
A single instance of bx.
Behavior
Larger set/class or responses that share physical dimensions or functions.
Response Class
A group of bxs that comprise an operant.
Operant: Response-consequence relationship. Similar bxs that are strengthened or weakened collectively as a result of operant conditioning.
Yes.
Can widely vary in form but are limited in topographical variations.
Can responses in the same response class look different?
Repertoire
1. All bxs that an individual can do.
2. A collection of knowledge & skills an individual has learned that are relevant to a particular task.
Environment
Complex, dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to instance.
All bx occurs within an environmental context.
Stimulus
Physical events that affect the bx of an individual.
Internal or external to the individual.
An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells.
Stimulus Class
A group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class.
Group members of a stimulus class tend to evoke or abate the same bx or response class, yet may vary across physical dimensions.
3 Types of Stimulus Classes
FTF (For The Fun)
Formal: Physical features
Temporal: time
Functional: effect of the stimulus on the bx, can be multiple functions of a single stimulus
Feature Stimulus Class
Stimuli share:
common topographies
relative relations
INFINITE number of stimuli
developed through stimulus generalization
Arbitrary Stimulus Class
Stimuli that evoke the same response, but they do NOT share a common stimulus feature. They do not physically look alike or share a relative relationship.
LIMITED number of stimuli
Developed through stimulus equivalence.
Consequences
Only affect FUTURE bx.
Consequences select response classes, NOT individual responses.
Immediate consequences have the greatest effect.
Automaticity
(of R & P)
A person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work.
Automatic Reinforcement
AKA: Sensory, Self-Stimualtory Bxs, Stereotypy
Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others.
Because it feels good!
WARNING!!
What looks like automatic reinforcement (i.e. hand flapping) might not be. [Show Less]