Autisitic Disorder
Children who were highly intelligent but displayed "a powerful desire for aloneness" and "an obsessive insistence on persistent
... [Show More] sameness"
Asperger Syndrome
• Named after Hans Asperger
• Individuals with similar deficits in social interaction, but with stronger language skills
• Milder form of autism
• Known as "Little Professors" due to excess knowledge in 1 subject
Five Disorders that are encompassed within ASD diagnosis:
• Autistic Disorder: also known as "Classical Autism"
• Asperger Syndrome
• Pervasive Developmental Disorder: otherwise known as PDD-NOS
• Retts Syndrome
• Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)
T/F: There is NO single cause of ASD
True
Complex relationship between ____________ and ____________ factors.
Genetic predisposition, environmental
Characterized by _____________ and ___________ patterns.
social communication deficits, restricted and repetitive behavior
Two classifications of diagnostic criteria:
- International Classification of Disease, Tenth Edition (ICD 10)
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM- V)
What is the ASD: Triad of Primary Impairments?
1. Social & Emotional Interaction
2. Imagination & Flexibility of Thought
3. Social Communication & Language
Characteristics of Social & Emotional Interaction Impairments:
• Standing too close to people
• Unaware of different ways of interacting with others
• Has desire to have friends and relationships but struggles to initiate and maintain these
Characteristics of Imagination & Flexibility of Thought Impairments:
• Does not understand others points of view or feelings
• Takes everything literally
• Agitated by change in routine
Characteristics of Social Communication & Language Impairments:
• Asks repetitive questions
• Cannot 'read between the lines' of what people mean
• Communicates for own needs, rather than for 'social' engagement
• Makes factual comments inappropriate to the context
•Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announces prevalence rates of autism; updated every _______ years.
-2016: 1 in every _____ children
-2018: 1 in every _____ children
-2020: 1 in every _____ children
-Rate is higher in boys than girls (about _____ times more common in boys)
a) 2
b) 68
c) 59
d) 54
e) 4
Red Flags for Early Diagnosis of ASD:
• Not responding to their name by 12 months of age
• Not pointing at objects to show interest (e.g., pointing at an airplane flying over) by 14 months
• Not playing "pretend" games (e.g., pretending to "feed" a doll) by 18 months
• Avoiding eye contact and wanting to be alone
• Having trouble understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings
• Having delayed speech and language skills
• Repeating words or phrases over and over (echolalia)
• Giving unrelated answers to questions
• Getting upset by minor changes
• Having obsessive interests
• Flapping their hands, rocking their body, or spinning in circles
• Having unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel
What is a Developmental Evaluation?
An in-depth look at a child's development, by a trained specialist, such as a developmental pediatrician, child psychologist, or pediatric neurologist.
- Consists of observation of the child, structured testing, and interview tools/questionnaires
- Uses the criteria in the DSM-V
- Results are either meets criteria for ASD or does not meet criteria.
Risk Factors of ASD:
• Genes can make it more likely a person will develop ASD
• Higher risk for those who have a sibling with ASD
• Having certain chromosomal or genetic conditions
• Certain medications (Valproic Acid and Thalidomide) taken during pregnancy
• Some evidence towards "critical period" (before, during and immediately after birth)
• Older parents (greater risk) [Show Less]