QUESTIONS, ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
The nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. Which of the following outcomes is the least desirable?
A) The
... [Show More] client spends more time by himself
B) The client doesn't engage in delusional thinking
C) The client doesn't harm himself or others
D) The client demonstrates ability to meet his own self-care needs
The client with schizophrenia is commonly socially isolated and withdrawn; therefore, having the client spend more time by himself wouldn't be a desirable outcome. Rather, a desirable outcome would specify that the client spend more time with other clients and staff on the unit. Delusions are false personal beliefs. Reducing or eliminating delusional thinking using talking therapy and antipsychotic medications would be a desirable outcome. Protecting the client and others from harm is a desirable client outcome achieved by close observation, removing any dangerous objects, and administering medications. Because the client with schizophrenia may have difficulty meeting his or her own self-care needs, fostering the ability to perform self-care independently is a desirable client outcome.
The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Impaired verbal communication for a client with schizotypal personality disorder. Based on this nursing diagnosis, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A) Helping the client to participate in social interactions B) Establishing a one-on-one relationship with the client
C) Establishing alternative forms of communication
D) Allowing the client to decide when he wants to participate in verbal communication with the nurse
By establishing a one-on-one relationship, the nurse helps the client learn how to interact with people in new situations. The other options are appropriate but should take place only after the nurse-client relationship is established.
Since admission 4 days ago, a client has refused to take a shower, stating, "There are poison crystals hidden in the showerhead. They'll kill me if I take a shower." Which nursing action is most appropriate?
A) Dismantling the showerhead and showing the client that there is nothing in it
B) Explaining that other clients are complaining about the client's body odor
C) Asking a security officer to assist in giving the client a shower
D) Accepting these fears and allowing the client to take a sponge bath
By acknowledging the client's fears, the nurse can arrange to meet the client's hygiene needs in another way. Because these fears are real to the client, providing a demonstration of reality (as in option A) wouldn't be effective at this time. Options B and C would violate the client's rights by shaming or embarrassing the client.
Drug therapy with thioridazine (Mellaril) shouldn't exceed a daily dose of 800 mg to prevent which adverse reaction?
A) Hypertension
B) Respiratory arrest
C) Tourette Syndrome D) Retinal pigmentation
Retinal pigmentation may occur if the thioridazine dosage exceeds 800 mg per day. The other options don't occur as a result of exceeding this dose.
A client with paranoid personality disorder is admitted to a psychiatric facility. Which remark by the nurse would best establish rapport and encourage the client to confide in the nurse?
A) "I get upset once in a while, too."
B) "I know just how you feel. I'd feel the same way in your situation."
C) "I worry, too, when I think people are talking about me."
D) "At times, it's normal not to trust anyone."
Sharing a benign, nonthreatening, personal fact or feeling helps the nurse establish rapport and encourages the client to confide in the nurse. The nurse can't know how the client feels. Telling the client otherwise, as in option B, would justify the suspicions of a paranoid client; furthermore, the client relies on the nurse to interpret reality. Option C is incorrect because it focuses on the nurse's feelings, not the client's. Option D wouldn't help establish rapport or encourage the client to confide in the nurse.
How soon after chlorpromazine (Thorazine) administration should the nurse expect to see a client's delusional thoughts and hallucinations eliminated?
A) Several minutes
B) Several hours
C) Several days D) Several weeks
Although most phenothiazines produce some effects within minutes to hours, their antipsychotic effects may take several weeks to appear.
A client is about to be discharged with a prescription for the antipsychotic agent haloperidol (Haldol), 10 mg by mouth twice per day. During a discharge teaching session, the nurse should provide which instruction to the client?
A) Take the medication 1 hour before a meal.
B) Decrease the dosage if signs of illness decrease C)Apply a sunscreen before being exposed to the sun.
D) Increase the dosage up to 50 mg twice per day if signs of illness don't decrease.
Because haloperidol can cause photosensitivity and precipitate severe sunburn, the nurse should instruct the client to apply a sunscreen before exposure to the sun. The nurse also should teach the client to take haloperidol with meals — not 1 hour before — and should instruct the client not to decrease or increase the dosage unless the physician orders it.
A client with paranoid schizophrenia repeatedly uses profanity during an activity therapy session. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
A) "Your behavior won't be tolerated. Go to your room immediately."
B) "You're just doing this to get back at me for making you come to therapy."
C) "Your cursing is interrupting the activity. Take time out in your room for 10 minutes."
D) "I'm disappointed in you. You can't control yourself even for a few minutes."
The nurse should set limits on client behavior to ensure a comfortable environment for all clients. The nurse should accept hostile or quarrelsome client outbursts within limits without becoming personally offended, as in option A. Option B is incorrect because it implies that the client's actions reflect feelings toward the staff instead of the client's own misery. Judgmental remarks, such as option D, may decrease the client's self-esteem.
Which of the following is one of the advantages of the newer antipsychotic medication risperidone (Risperdal)?
A) The absence of anticholinergic effects
B) A lower incidence of extrapyramidal effects
C) Photosensitivity and sedation
D) No incidence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Risperdal has a lower incidence of extrapyramidal effects than the typical antipsychotics. Risperdal does produce anticholinergic effects and neuroleptic malignant syndrome can occur. Photosensitivity isn't an advantage.
The etiology of schizophrenia is best described by:
A) genetics due to a faulty dopamine receptor.
B) environmental factors and poor parenting.
C) structural and neurobiological factors.
D) a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
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