ATI Med Surg Practice
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Alzheimer’s Disease: Measures for Reducing Agitation in an Older Adult
Reduce agitation in
... [Show More] an older adult with dementia by using calm, redirecting statements
and provide a diversion instead of leaving them alone with nothing to place their focus
on.
Promote self-care as long as possible and assist with activities of daily living as
appropriate.
Speak directly to the client in short, concise sentences. Acknowledge their feelings and
do not argue with the client as it will simply lead to them being upset. d
Health, Wellness, and Illness: Identifying Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
Peripheral arterial disease results from atherosclerosis that usually occurs in the arteries
of the lower extremities and is characterized by inadequate flow of blood.
Atherosclerosis is caused by gradual thickening of the intima and media of the arteries,
ultimately resulting in the progressive narrowing of the vessel lumen. Plaques can form
on the walls of the arteries, making them rough and fragile.
Risk factors of atherosclerosis include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus,
cigarette smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, familial predisposition, female sex, age
older than 65, elevated c-reactive protein, and hyperhomocysteinemia.
Basic Care and Comfort
Kidney Transplant: Providing Teaching About Organ Donation
Intervene for oliguria as prescribed. Diuretics and/or dialysis can be necessary until
kidney function is satisfactory.
Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, preserves urine flow and reduces the risk of acute kidney
injury. Filtered mannitol draws water into the nephrons of the kidney and promotes
diuresis.
Thiazides and loop diuretics are less effective when filtration rate is lower, causing less
diuresis.
Monitor for excessive diuresis, which can result in hypovolemia and hypotension, and
cause reduced blood flow to the graft. Notify the provider immediately.
Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
Blood and Blood Product Transfusions: Identifying Transfusion Reactions
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is immediate or can manifest during subsequent
transfusions. It results from a transfusion of blood products that are incompatible with the
client’s blood type or Rh factors. Can occur following the transfusion of as few as 10 mL
of a blood product.
Complications can be mild or life-threatening, resulting in disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC) or circulatory collapse.
Findings include chills, fever, low-back pain, tachycardia, flushing, hypotension, chest
tightening or pain, tachypnea, nausea, anxiety, hemoglobinuria, and an impending sense
of doom. [Show Less]