Sterile Technique/ surgical asepsis:
To keep objects free from microorganisms
Use? Operating room, labor, and delivery rooms, certain diagnostic tests,
... [Show More] patient
bedside ex. Procedures like urinary catheter, sterile dressing changes, preparing or injecting
medications. Any object that that touches is not sterile. When documenting, it is not important to
add the items but just that you performed this technique.
Unexpected situations: if you have set up and don't see something you need, call for
help and don't leave. Leaving will break sterile field along with anything touching the field a little
or all of it, if patient touches– reset
Isolating Precautions:
Standard precautions: for every pt, every hospital practices. Follow hand hygiene
Airborne precautions: for infections that spread through air ex. Tb, chickenpox, and
rubella. Wear respirator mask
Droplet precautions: infections that spread through large particle droplets ex. Rubella,
mumps, diphtheria, and adenovirus. Door may remain open, wear PPE. keep visitors at least 3
feet from patient
Contact precautions: infected by multidrug resistant organism. Ex. MDRO and CDIFF
Wear PPE, avoid sharing equipment. Removing gown: fold the soiled side to the inside
and roll with the inner surface exposed
Order to remove: gloves, gown, eye, mask
Preventing infections:
***Demonstrate effective hand hygiene and good personal hygiene practices
Moment 1 – Before touching a patient
Moment 2 – Before a clean or aseptic procedure
Moment 3 – After a body fluid exposure risk
Moment 4 – After touching a patient
Moment 5 – After touching patient surroundings
Identify the signs of an infection
Maintain adequate nutritional and fluid intake
Demonstrate proper disposal of soiled articles
Use appropriate cleansing and disinfecting techniques
Verbalize awareness of the necessity of proper immunizations
Implement stress-reduction techniques
Adhere to infection control precautions (isolation, equipment, visitors)
Verbalize an understanding of health risks associated with a latex allergy
Needlestick injuries:
When a needlestick injury occurs, the nurse should wash the exposed area immediately
with warm water and soap, report the incident to the appropriate person and complete an
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incident injury report, consent to and await the results of blood tests, consent to PEP, and attend
counseling sessions regarding safe practice to protect self and others.
How to prevent: avoid if safer options are available, avoid recapping, dispose in sharps
container, follow guidelines
Infection risks:
Various barrier techniques to minimize infection. Standard and Transmission based
Infection Risk:
Integrity of skin and mucous membranes– protect body from microbial invasion
PH levels of GI tracts plus GU- microbial invasion
Bodies wbc-prevents resistance from microbial invasion
Age, sex, race, hereditary factors- neonates and older adults more susceptible
Immunization, natural, or acquired- resist infection
Level of fatigue, climate, nutrition, and general health status- presence of preexisting
Stress levels- affect defense mechanism
Use of invasive or medical devices- CAUTI, SSI, CLABSI, VAP
Bowel Elimination: Chapter 38
Laxatives and Enemas
Types of enemas– increase peristalsis
Position: left sims position.
Cleansing: given to remove feces from colon (ex: tap water, saline, soap solution,
hypertonic solution)-- Hypertonic fleets– given for sigmoidoscopy. Ordered after oil
Retention: retained in bowel for 15 min or more (ex: oil [Show Less]