System Concept - correct answer A shared mental representation of the actual system
System elements have processes that have the binary value of ______
... [Show More] or _____ - correct answer idle, execute
System elements cannot be systems on their own merit. (True/False) - correct answer False
What are two things that integration must establish? - correct answer 1. relationships between the effects that organizing the elements has on their own interaction.
2. How these effects enable the system to achieve its purpose
In defining a hierarchy, a SE must strike a balance between: - correct answer 1. Defining span of control clearly and simply
2. Resolving the structure of the SOI into a complete set of system elements that can be implemented with confidence
Characteristics that can be used to decide if SOI is better understood as a SoS - correct answer o Operational independence of constituent system
o Managerial independence of constituent system
o Geographical distribution
o Emergent behavior
o Evolutionary development process
In complicated systems, the interactions between many parts are governed by______. - correct answer fixed relationships
Difference between complex and complicated systems - correct answer o In complicated systems, the interactions between many parts are governed by fixed relationships.
o In complex systems, interactions between the parts exhibit self-organization where local interactions give rise to novel. Nonlocal, emergent patterns.
o Complicated systems can often become complex when behavior patterns change.
Challenges that influence the engineering of an SoS - correct answer o SoS Authorities (each constituent system has its own local owner)
o Leadership
o Constituent systems' perspectives
o Capabilities and requirements (most SoS are made up of multiple independent systems with their own requirements),
o Autonomy, interdependencies, and emergence
o Testing, validation, and learning
o SoS principles (new field, major learning curve for traditional SEs)
o Security challenges
What should be considered during life cycle stages of the SOI? - correct answer Relevant enabling systems
One system variable can be the cause and effect of another system due to - correct answer circular causation
What are the three classes of SE competencies? - correct answer Systems thinking
Holistic life cycle view
SE management
Operating environment/ Operating Context - correct answer collection of elements that interact with the system
Attribute - correct answer observable characteristic/property of a system
System Boundary - correct answer what belongs/does not belong to the system
Functionality - correct answer interactions of the system with its operating environment
System Architecture - correct answer per IEEE 42010 (2011): "the fundamental concept or properties of a system in its environment embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution."
Variable - correct answer symbol/name that identifies an attribute
Measurement - correct answer outcome of a process in which the SOI interacts with an observation system under specified conditions.
Dynamic behavior - correct answer time evolution of the system state
Emergent behavior - correct answer behavior of the system that cannot be understood exclusively in terms of the behavior of individual system elements.
· Black Box/ White Box - correct answer - Black box: external view of the system (attributes)
- White box: internal view of the system (attributes and element structure) [Show Less]