What are cells?
The building blocks of organisms
Define eukaryotic cell
Cells that have a true nucleus
Define prokaryotic cell
Cells that
... [Show More] do not have a true nucleus
What is in an animal cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What is in a plant cell?
Same as animal plus: vacuole, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell wall
What is in a yeast cell?
Same as animal plus: temporary vacuole, cell wall
What is in a bacterial cell?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, chromosomes, plasmid, capsule, flagellum
Function of nucleus
The control centre of the cell, contains DNA
Function of cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions take place
Function of cell membrane
Controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell
Function of mitochondria
Releases energy into the cell in respiration
Function of ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place
Function of vacuole
Keeps the cell turgid (filled with plant sap)
Function of chlorophyll
Absorbed light energy in photosynthesis
Function of cell wall
Provides structure for the cell, made of cellulose
Function of chromosomes
Carries genetic information
Function of plasmid
Carries genetic information
Function of capsule
Protects against phagocytosis
Function of flagellum
Helps the cell move
Adaptations of muscle cells
Contain proteins that slide over each other making fibres contract
Contain mitochondria to transfer energy
Store glycogen used in cellular respiration
Adaptations of nerve cells
Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells
The axon carries the nerve impulses from one place to another and are often very long
Synapses pass impulses to another cell or between a nerve and the muscle
Adaptation of root hair cells
Increase surface area for water to move up the cell
Have mitochondria that transfer energy needed for transport of mineral ions into the cell
Have a large permanent vacuole that speeds up the movement of water by osmosis
Adaptations of sperm cells
Long tail to whip to propel the sperm forward
Middle section has lots of mitochondria which transfer energy to the tail
Large nucleus for the DNA that needs to be passed on
Adaptations of red blood cells
Are thin, so there is only a short distance for the oxygen to diffuse to reach the centre of the cell. The biconcave shape provides a large surface area compared to the volume of the red blood cell, allowing diffusion to happen efficiently
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Define DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic code which defines life
Define gene
A short section of DNA, carrying genetic information. The basic unit of inheritance
Define allele
Different forms of the same gene
Define gametes
male and female sex cells
Define chromosomes
Thread like structures made up of long coils of DNA and found in the nucleus of the cell
Maternal DNA
DNA that comes from your mother
Paternal DNA
DNA genes that comes from your father
Define homolohous
Same or similar chromosomes
XX
Female
XY
Male
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
Mitosis definition
The division into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and he original cell
Why is ell division important?
Repair, growth, reproduction [Show Less]