Statistical infrequency - ANSWER Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic
Example of statistical infrequency - ANSWER -Lower than
... [Show More] average IQ, <70
-May be diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder
Statistical deviation evaluation - ANSWER -Real life application - diagnosis of mental disorders
-Unusual characteristics may be positive - e.g. higher than average IQ
-Not everyone benefits from a label - lower than average IQ might be able to live normal life but label could negatively impact self esteem
Deviation from social norms - ANSWER Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society, specific to the culture we live in
Example of deviation from social norms - ANSWER -Antisocial personality disorder
-Failure to conform to lawful or culturally normative ethical behaviour
-Person is abnormal because they do not conform
Deviation from social norms evaluation - ANSWER -Real life application - diagnosis of disorders
-Never the sole reason - antisocial personality disorder also categorised by distress (failure to function)
-Cultural relativity - social norms depend on culture, can't apply to people from other groups
-Human rights abuses - defining people as abnormal to control them e.g. slaves who ran away
Failure to function adequately - ANSWER When an individual is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living, e.g. intellectual disability disorder
Rosenhan and Seligman's signs of not coping - ANSWER -Lack of conformity to standard interpersonal rules - maintaining eye contact, respecting personal space
-Severe personal distres
-Dangerous and irrational behaviour to self and others
Failure to function evaluation - ANSWER -Patient's perspective - considers individual's subjective experience, useful criteria
-May just be deviation from social norms - e.g. extreme sports, religion
Subjective judgement - difficult to judge distress
Deviation from ideal mental health - ANSWER Occurs when an individual does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health
Jahoda's criteria for ideal mental health - ANSWER -No symptoms or distress
-Rational behaviour, accurate self perception
-Self actualisation (reaching potential)
-Coping with stress
-Realistic world view
-Good self esteem, lack of guilt
-Independence
-Successful work, love and leisure
Deviation from ideal mental health evaluation - ANSWER -Comprehensive - covers wide range of criteria
-Cultural relativity - self actualisation may not be as normal in other countries
-Unrealistically high standard for mental health - would see us all as deviant
Behavioural characteristics of OCD - ANSWER -Compulsions
-Avoidance [Show Less]