When patients administer regular insulin (Humulin R U-500), they should be taught: - answers10 units of Humulin R U-500 is equal to 10 units on a U-500
... [Show More] insulin syringe.
Radioiodine therapy is safe to administer to: - answersA 30-year-old man who desires natural fatherhood-used to tx hyperthyroidism and does not cause infantility or birth defects in the offspring of tx'd pts
A pt who has Addison's disease has received a prescription for fludrocortisone. Fludrocortisone acts by: - answersRegulating salt and water balance-mineralocorticoid indicated as partial replacement therapy for pts with primary or 2ndary adrenocortical insufficiency
Methimazole for the tx of Graves' disease is contraindicated in pts: - answersWho are pregnant-can cause fetal harm when administered, can readily cross the placental membranes
Which of the following medications may cause gynecomastia? - answersEnalapril (Vasotec)-ACE inhibitors may cause gynecomastia
A pt is started on a sulfonylurea (i.e. glyburide). The NP informs the pt that sulfonylureas are likely to: - answersReduce microvascular events-also low in cost
Disadvantages-produce hypoglycemia and cause weight gain
Thiazolidinedione (TZD) medications: - answersIncrease insulin sensitivity-by acting on adipose, muscle & liver to increase glucose utilization and decrease glucose production
Pts taking dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DDP-IV) inhibitors for the tx of T2DM do NOT routinely need to be monitored for: - answersWeight loss-Januvia, Onglyza, Tradjenta not likely to cause weight loss or weight gain
The expected hemoglobin A1V reduction for pts who are started on dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DDP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin (Januvia) is: - answers0.6%
DDP-IV inhibitors such as alogliptin (Nesina): - answersSuppress glucagon secretion and increase insulin secretion
Sulfonylurea-stimulate the release of insulin from functioning beta cells
Biguanides-decrease hepatic glucose production, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and improve insulin sensitivity
Prior to the admin of methimazole (Tapazole) the NP should obtain a baseline: - answersCBC-tx for hyperthyroidism, CBC & liver profile should be obtained
A pt is started on exenatide (Byetta) for T2DM. Byetta should be d/c'd if the pt exhibits: - answersPersistent abd pain, radiating to the back-monitored for sx of acute pancreatitis
Sulfonylureas such as glyburide (Micronase) are extensively metabolized: - answersIn the liver-primarily by CYP 450
A 48-year-old pt is started on metformin (Glucophage) for T2DM. The maximum expected hemoglobin A1C reduction after initiation of this medication is: - answers2%- usual expected decrease in A1C is 1-2%
Insulins recommended for use in insulin pump delivery systems include: - answersApidra & Humalog-only rapid acting insulins are safe for continuous IV use
The generic name for Victoza is: - answersLiraglutide-GLP-1 agonists
A pt who is started on a glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), such as Victoza, should be informed that this class of medications may: - answersIncrease satiety-delay gastric emptying & promote weight loss
Pts who are receiving radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism should be advised to: - answersAvoid contact with young children for several days-radiation emits from the body avoid kids & pregnant women
Pts taking thiazolidinedione (TZD) medications should be monitored for: - answersFluid retention & weight gain-may precipitate or exacerbate HF in some pts by causing dose-related fluid retention
Levothyroxine use in the 1st trimester of pregnancy: - answersMay require an increase in dose-due to alterations of endogenous maternal thyroid hormones
Exenatide (Byetta) is classified as: - answersGLP-1
Gynecomastia is NOT likely to be caused by: - answersClonazepam
Ketoconazole, finasteride, spiro, lavender/tea tree oil may cause this
Pt receiving insulin detemir (Levemir) are at higher risk for developing: - answersHypokalemia-causes a shift in K+ from the extracellular space to the intracellular space
The mechanism of action by which metformin (Glucophage) improves glucose tolerance is: - answersDecreased intestinal absorption of glucose-also improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization
Due to the mechanism of action of meglitinides used in the tx of T2DM, they should by administered: - answersat meal time-should be admin within 30 mins of a meal or at meal time 2-4 times daily
Victoza (liraglutide), a GLP-1 for the tx of T2DM, may potentially decrease effectiveness of: - answersOral contraceptives-delay absorption of orally absorbed medications
Metformin (Glucophage) is a: - answersBiguanide
The combination of metformin (Glucophage) and glyburide (Diabeta) for the tx of T2DM is: - answershighly efficacious with a moderate risk of hypoglycemia
A pt is receiving a fast-acting insulin to decrease post-prandial blood sugars. If the bedtime blood sugar is elevated, the pt should be advised to increase the fast-acting insulin dose at: - answersDinner-onset of rapid acting is 15 mins
Which of the following is a rapid-acting insulin? - answersAspart (Novolog)
Pts should be advised to take glimepiride (Amaryl): - answersIn the morning with breakfast-or 1st meal of the day, long acting sulfonylurea
Which statement about metformin (Glucophage) is correct? - answersIt should be temporarily discontinued for radiologic studies with iodinated contrast-may result in acute alteration of kidney function
Insulin glargine (Lantus) is NOT indicated in the tx of: - answersPediatric pts with T2DM
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce blood glucose by: - answersIncreasing urinary glucose excretion
Pioglitazone hydrochloride (Actos) is contraindicated in pts with: - answersheart failure-can cause dose-related fluid retention
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose (Precose) are contraindicated in pts with: - answersInflammatory bowel disorders-delays absorption of carbs following a meal
In addition to hemoglobin A1C, pts receiving metformin (Glucophage) should be monitored for: - answersRenal function, liver function, and vit B12 levels
The mechanism of action of methimazole (Tapazole) is to: - answersBlock synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3)-readily absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in the urine
Insulin detemir (Levemir): - answersMay be administered once or twice daily-subq
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia may be blunted by: - answersbeta-blockers-masks signs by inhibiting these sx
Aspart (Novolog) should be administered: - answers10 mins prior to a meal-rapid acting
In addition to hypoglycemia, rapid-acting insulins may cause: - answersHypokalemia
Maximum plasma concentrations of glucagon, after intramuscular injection, are observed in approximately: - answers15 minutes
Which of the following is an intermediate-acting insulin? - answersInsulin NPH (Humulin N), 1-2hr onset, 6-12 hour peak and 18-24 hours duration
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is indicated in the tx of: - answersHypothyroidism
The most commonly reported s/e of the GLP-1 medication class is? - answersNausea-n/v/d
Which of the following side effects may be caused by methimazole (Tapazole)? - answersHypothyroidism-routine measuring of TSH and free T4 levels
The onset of action of short-acting insulins is: - answers30 mins-regular insulin, Humulin R
Patients who use insulin glargine (Lantus) should be advised: - answersto inspect for visable particles or color change before admin-should be colorless, never frozen, never mixed with other insulins
Thiazolidinedione (TZDs) such as pioglitazone (Actos) reduce A1C levels by: - answers0.7%
The most common serious s/e associated with glimepiride (Amaryl) is: - answersHypoglycemia
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is best administered: - answersOn an empty stomach, first thing in the morning-at least 30-60 mins before food for optimal absorption
Undertreatment of hypothyroidism in pediatric patients may lead to: - answersCretinism-congenital disease due to absence or deficiency of normal thyroid secretion
The most frequent s/e of metformin (Glucophage) is: - answersDiarrhea-dose-dependent, may be alleviated by decreasing dose
Because the mechanism of action, patients should be instructed to administer exenatide (Byetta): - answerstwice daily, within 1 hr prior to morning and evening meals, should NOT be taken AFTER meals
Sx of Graves' disease include: - answersProptosis-bulging of eyes (hyperthyroidism)
Hypo-weight gain, bradycardia, and anemia
When a patient presents with myxedema coma, which one of the following groups of symptoms may be present? - answersHypothermia, thickening of the tongue, and disorientation-due to longstanding low level of thyroid hormone
Which of the following is NOT associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis? - answersWeight loss-this is usually noted in hyperthyroidism
Striae, skin atrophy, and purpura may be associated with: - answersCushing's Disease-also moon facies & buffalo hump
A 20-year-old with acanthosis nigricans should be evaluated for: - answersDiabetes mellitus-skin condition characterized by dark velvety patches in the body folds or creases
Thyrotoxicosis is most commonly associated with: - answersHyperthyroidism [Show Less]