APEA 3P EXAM (2024) PREP6 GI QUESTIONS WITH UPDATED QUESTIONS, ANSWERS AND EXPLANATION (GUARANTEED A+)
What medication used to treat patients who have
... [Show More] GERD provides the fastest relief of heartburn symptoms?
Calcium carbonate Ranitidine Amantadine Pantoprazole A.
Calcium carbonate is an antacid. It provides rapid changes in gastric
pH. This provides relief that can be noticed immediately. The increase in pH lasts for about 30 minutes and corresponds with resolution of symptoms. However, as pH decreases within 30 minutes, symptoms may return. Ranitidine is an H2 blocker. It provides relief in 1-2 hours. This usually lasts for about 6-12 hours. Amantadine is an antiviral not used to treat GERD. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. This provides relief after several hours or days of daily consumption.
The relationship between colon polyps and colon cancer is those polyps: eventually, all become malignant.
have a slow progression to colon cancer. have a rapid progression to colon cancer. have no relationship to colon cancer.
B.
Colon polyps are usually slow-growing and take a long time to progress to cancer. This is the reason that a colonoscopy does not need to be repeated annually. While not all polyps grow slowly, this is the usual progression.
A 5-year-old has been diagnosed with pinworms. He lives with his mother. There are no other members of the household. How should his mother be managed?
Reassure the mother that if she develops symptoms, she will need to be treated. Visually assess the mother’s rectum for redness or presence of worms.
Have the mother collect a stool specimen and send it to the laboratory. Perform the “scotch tape” test and look at the collection under the microscope.
D.
The diagnosis of pinworms (Enterobiasis) is made by using a piece of scotch tape on a tongue depressor. It is touched against the patient’s rectum. The greatest yield of eggs will occur during the nighttime or early AM. Eggs will be found here if they are present. Worms and eggs are rarely found in stool specimens, so this is not a good plan. When the scotch tape is examined under a low power microscope, the eggs will be easily visualized since they are large and bean shaped. The finding of an adult worm would confirm the diagnosis. These are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. If the mother is symptomatic, she should be treated with or without a rectal exam. It is very likely she is infecte
A patient has been diagnosed with hepatitis B. The most commonly reported risk factor is:
drinking contaminated water. eating contaminated food. exposure to blood. sexual
exposure. D.
Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood and body fluids. While exposure to infected blood or blood products would significantly increase the risk of infection in unvaccinated people, this is much less likely than becoming infected via sexual exposure or IV drug use. Hepatitis A is transmitted via fecal-oral routes. Drinking contaminated water and eating contaminated food implicate hepatitis A as the etiologic agent.
The three most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in the US are Salmonella, Campylobacter, and:
E. coli.
Enterovirus.
Yersinia.
Shigella.
D.
Shigella will be shed continuously in the stool and should be easily identified on stool culture. When bacterial gastroenteritis is suspected, a stool specimen could be ordered for confirmation. Generally, these three pathogens are easily identified if they are present. Enterovirus
produces a viral form of diarrhea. Yersinia produces the deadly disease called bubonic plague. E. coli is a typical colonic pathogen. [Show Less]