AP Psychology Biological Basis Terminology Glial cells Greek for glue; forms myelin sheath; holds neuron in place; provides nourishment and removes
... [Show More] waste; prevents harmful substances from entering bloodstream; may play important role in memory and learning; affects brain's response to new experiences Dominant genes member of a gene terror that controls the appearance of a certain trait Pons part of the brain involved in sleep regulation also connects a cerebellum to the cerebral cortex; sleep and wake cycles Thyroxine released by thyroid; hormone that regulates the body's metabolism; OVERACTIVE-over-excitability, insomnia, reduced attention span, fatigue, snap decisions, reduced concentration (hyperthyroidism); UNDERACTIVE-desire to sleep, constantly tired, weight gain (hypothyroidism) Nerve bundles of axons Chromosomes pair of threadlike bodies within the cell ; contains genes Somatic nervous system division of peripheral nervous system; carries messages from afferent neurons central nervous system and between central nervous system to skeletal muscles; controls voluntary actions Gonads reproductive glands-male, testes; female, ovaries Receptor site a location on a receptor neurons which is like a key to a lock (with a specific nerve transmitter); allows for orderly pathways Psychobiology study that focuses on biological foundations of behavior and mental processes; overlaps with neuroscience Central nervous system (CNS) the brain and spinal cord; 90% of the bodies neurons Medulla part of the brain which controls living functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature Neuron 100 billion in brain; individual cells that are the smallest unit of the nervous system; it has three classes: efferent, afferent, and interneurons; made of Colin dendrites, axons, synaptic gap, terminal buttons, synaptic vesicles, and sometimes myelin Selection studies studies that estimate the hereditability of a trait by breeding animals with another animal that has the same trait (Beta) endorphins a natural painkiller released by the body, often experienced during exercise; discovered in 1970s when investigating how opiates were; beta endorphins are natural Spinal cord a bundle of neuron axons which act like cables carrying messages to the PNS; connects brain to the rest of the body; wrapped in myelin and, surrounded and protected by vertebral bones; spinal injuries-paralysis, bowel/bladder control, low blood pressure [Show Less]