Personification
the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical
... [Show More] figure.
the representation of a thing or abstraction in the form of a person, as in art.
Metaphor
a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in "A mighty fortress is our God.".
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Irony
the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning:
the irony of her reply, "How nice!" when I said I had to work all weekend.
Hyperbole
obvious and intentional exaggeration.
an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as "to wait an eternity.".
Rhetorical Questions
a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.
What is the purpose of this argument?
What does it hope to achieve?
Who is the audience for this argument? Etc.
Aristotle's theory of classifying arguments
STATEMENT + PROOF
OR
CLAIM = SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Factual
true or concerned with actual details or information rather than ideas or feelings about it
Benevolent
well meaning and kindly
Narration
commentary
Description
The writer describes an issue, a problem, or a conflict.
Cause and effect
a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others. This is a combination of action and reaction.
Process analysis
a form of technical writing and expository writing "designed to convey to the reader how a change takes place through a series of stages".
Major claim
main argument of an essay; It is probably the single most important part of an academic paper
Point of view
the narrator's position in relation to the story being told
Persuade
cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument
Argument
a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong
Explore
inquire into or discuss (a subject or issue) in detail
Counter
speak or act in opposition to
Warrant
the glue that holds an argument together; It links the evidence to the claim
Claim
state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof
Thesis
a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved
Past/present/future
There are three main verb tenses; past, present and future. Each tense is divided into; simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous
Artistic and inartistic proofs
The three artistic proofs are Ethos, Logos, and Pathos; inartistic proofs include laws, contracts, expert testimony, oaths, witnesses, statistics, and any other form of data
Kairos
timeliness, appropriateness, decorum, symmetry, balance—awareness of the rhetorical situation or "the circumstances that open moments of opportunity"
Exigence
an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak
Purpose
the reason an author decides to write about a specific topic [Show Less]