Mood Disorders correct answer: Most common psych illnesses
Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood correct answer: Major Depressive
... [Show More] Disorder
Often occurs without precipitating event correct answer: MDD
Object loss theory correct answer: Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip
Aggression turned inward theory of MDD correct answer: Freud
Cognitive Theory correct answer: Beck
Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory correct answer: Seligman
Genetic predisposition correct answer: Strong genetic load for depression for child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD & 40% chance of depressive episode before age 18.
Endocrine dysfunction Theory correct answer: Probably related to etiology of MDD
Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy, anhedonia are neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the correct answer: Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions
Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy correct answer: A high incidence of postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) correct answer: A theory of MDD, may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation of this system
HPA axis correct answer: Controls the physiological response to stress and is composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland.
Hypothalamus releases correct answer: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) correct answer: Released by pituitary in response to CRH by hypothalamus
Cortisol correct answer: Released by adrenal glands in response to ACTH by pituitary gland
Hyperactivity of the HPA axis correct answer: Demonstrated to be present in individuals with MDD. May also have elevated cortisol levels
Elevated cortisol levels correct answer: Over time damages the CNS by altering neurotransmission and electrical signal conduction. Cortisol over time can cause changes in size and function of brain tissue
Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) correct answer: Not commonly used in clinical practice for screening of depression as it is too non specific.
Hypovolemic hippocampus and hypovolemic prefrontal cortex-limbic striatal regions correct answer: Abnormalities demonstrated by neuroimaging in individuals with chronic and severe depression
Brain damage, including that from stroke and trauma correct answer: Depression is a acommon comorbidity in individuals who have experienced these events
What is the Chronobiological theory of MDD correct answer: Desynchronization of the circadian rhythms produces the symptom constellation collectively called MDD
Circadian rhythms control these biological processes that are frequent problems with depressed individuals correct answer: Sleep-rest cycle disturbances * Increased cortisol secretions *
REM abnormalities Increased emotional reactivity
Frequent waking
More intensified dreaming
Diurnal variations to circadian-related behaviors
Decreased arousal and energy levels
Decreased activity patterns *
Incidence of MDD correct answer: 5% of U.S. population ages 18 and older each year. About 9.9 million Americans [Show Less]