Physical Fitness - Answer- the ability of the body's physical parts to function, and is measured by the level at which these physical parts are capable of
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What are the five primary components of fitness? - Answer- 1) Cardiorespiratory endurance
2) Muscular Strength
3) Muscular Endurance
4) Flexibility
5) Body Composition
Cardiorespiratory endurance - Answer- The capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to deliver oxygen to the working muscles for sustained periods of energy production
Muscular Strength - Answer- The maximum force that can be exerted by a muscle or muscle group against a resistance
Muscular Endurance - Answer- The capacity of a muscle to exert force repeatedly or to hold a fixed or static contraction over time
Flexibility - Answer- The ability of limbs to move at the joints through a normal range of motion
Body composition - Answer- The body's relative percentage of fat as compared to lean tissue (bones, muscle, and organs)
What are the six skill-related components of fitness? - Answer- 1) Balance
2) Coordination
3) Speed
4) Power
5) Agility
6) Reaction Time
Balance - Answer- Controlling the position of the body's center of gravity, or maintenance of equilibrium while stationary (static balance) or moving (dynamic balance).
Coordination - Answer- The integration of many separate motor skills or movements into one efficient pattern
Speed - Answer- The rate at which a movement or activity can be performed
Power - Answer- A function of strength and speed. The ability to transfer energy into force at a quick rate.
Agility - Answer- The ability to rapidly and fluently change body positioning during movement
Reaction Time - Answer- The amount of time elapsed between stimulation and acting upon the stimulus
What are the fitness programming and design components for the ACSM guidelines and reccomendations? - Answer- 1) Mode of training (or exercise)
2) Frequency of training
3) Intensity of training
4) Duration of training
5) Flexibility
6) Neuromuscular exercises
Skeletal System - Answer- all bones, including cartilage and joints
Muscular - Answer- All muscles including ligaments and tendons
Digestive - Answer- digestive tract, including liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Lateral - Answer- Away from the midline of the body
supine - Answer- face up
prone - Answer- face down
Long bones - Answer- 1)longer than they are wide; found in appendages
2 Contain a diaphysis (shaft), and two ends the epophysis
i.e. femur, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna, and humerus
Short bones - Answer- 1) = W and L, cuboidal
i.e. wrist and ankle
Flat bones - Answer- 1) Thin and generally flat
2) Protection and surface area for muscles to attach
i.e. cranial bones and scapula
Irregular Bones - Answer- 1) Complex shapes
i.e. vertebrae
Periosteum - Answer- 1) Dense,white,fibrous sheath that covers the surface of the bone
2) Where the muscles and tendons attach
Medullary Cavity - Answer- Cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with yellow fatty bone marrow
Endosteum - Answer- Layer of cells that line the Medullary Cavity
Ossification - Answer- Bone formation
Epiphyseal Plates - Answer- cartilaginous growth plates located at either end of bones
*common in long bones
Axial skeleton - Answer- Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, & sternum; division of the skeleton that protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, & circulatory system
Appendicular Skeleton - Answer- Bones associated with appendages
Articulation (joint) - Answer- point of contact between two or more bones
Ligaments - Answer- Dense, regular, connective tissue that attach bone to bone at moveable joints and help to protect the joint from dislocation
Cervical spine - Answer- neck, 7 vertebrae
thoracic spine - Answer- behind rib cage, 12 midsize vertebrae
Lumbar spine - Answer- Lower back, 5 large vertebrae
Sacrum - Answer- 5 fused
Coccyx (tailbone) - Answer- 4 fused into one or two bones
Visceral Muscle - Answer- Muscle that lines the walls of internal organs; smooth or involuntary muscle.
What are the functions of the muscular system? - Answer- 1) assist movement
2) maintain posture
3) create heat
Tendons - Answer- 1) Connect muscle to bone
2) connects fascia to the periosteum
Origin - Answer- Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
Insertion - Answer- Attachment that moves toward the origin during muscle contraction. Usually the distal point and most movable part.
agonist - Answer- (prime mover) - cause primary movement when it contracts
antagonist - Answer- a muscle that relaxes while another contracts
Sternocleidomastoid - Answer- Location: Front of the neck
Attaches: Sternum and clavice
Ends: Jaw area
Moves: cervical spine
Pectoralis Major - Answer- Location: Chest
Attachment: Sternum, clavicle, ribs
Ends: Upper Arm
Moves: Shoulder Joint and sternoclavicular joint
Trapezius - Answer- Location: Upper Back and back of the neck
Upper: Neck down to shoulder blade
Middle: upper back [Show Less]