ACS Gen Chem 1 Exam 89 Questions with Verified Answers
Extensive Property - CORRECT ANSWER Values that depend on how much you have
Intensive
... [Show More] property - CORRECT ANSWER Independent of size sample
Density - CORRECT ANSWER Mass/volume
Homogeneous mixture - CORRECT ANSWER Same throughout, indistinguishable parts
Heterogeneous - CORRECT ANSWER Different parts, distinguishable parts
Diatomic elements - CORRECT ANSWER N2, O2, H2, Cl2, Br2, I2
John dalton - CORRECT ANSWER Founded the atomic theory
Thompson experiment - CORRECT ANSWER Determine charge to mass ratio based on deflection or attraction of particles
Rutherford experiment - CORRECT ANSWER Particles shot through gold foil, atoms are mostly empty space
Millikan experiment - CORRECT ANSWER Determined the magnitude of the charge on a single electron
Kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER Energy of moving things
Potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER Stored energy
Bohr model correct? - CORRECT ANSWER No! It is fundamentally incorrect
Lattice energy stability - CORRECT ANSWER The higher the charge the more stable it is if it is cancelled out by another charge in the molecule
Atom - CORRECT ANSWER Smallest piece of matter still discernible as a particular element
Element - CORRECT ANSWER A specific kind of atom defined by the number of protons in the nucleus
Molecule - CORRECT ANSWER Combo of two or more atoms
Isotope - CORRECT ANSWER A particular atom of an element with potentially varying numbers of neutrons
Ion - CORRECT ANSWER A once electrically neutral atom which has been changed by loss or gain of electrons
Anion - CORRECT ANSWER Negative ion
Cation - CORRECT ANSWER Positive ion
Identifying an element - CORRECT ANSWER Protons=atomic number
Electrons=atomic number
Neutrons=atomic mass minus number of protons
Avogadro's number - CORRECT ANSWER 6.022x10^23
Salts - CORRECT ANSWER Ionic, metal and a non metal
Strong acids - CORRECT ANSWER HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3
Ionic bonds - CORRECT ANSWER MUST have a metal
Covalent bonds - CORRECT ANSWER MUST have a poly atomic ion
Bond energy - CORRECT ANSWER Energy needed to break a bond
Ionic bond (term) - CORRECT ANSWER Negative and positive ions bond together to form a molecule
Covalent bond (term) - CORRECT ANSWER Sharing of electrons
Polar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER Bond between two different atoms with different electro negativity
Nonpolar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER Bond between two atoms that are the same with the same electronegativity
Isoelectronic series - CORRECT ANSWER Ions with the same number of electrons
Exothermic - CORRECT ANSWER Negative
Endothermic - CORRECT ANSWER Positive
Linear angle - CORRECT ANSWER 180
Trigonal planar angle - CORRECT ANSWER 120
Tetrahedral angle - CORRECT ANSWER 109.5
Trigonal bipyramidal - CORRECT ANSWER 90, 120
Octahedral angle - CORRECT ANSWER 90
Louis de Broglic - CORRECT ANSWER Particles can have wave nature in a way analogous to how EM waves have particle nature
Quantum Numbers - CORRECT ANSWER L= 0,1,2,3,4...
N= L+1
Ml= -L...+L (not zero)
Mchange= 1/2 or -1/2
Atomic radius - CORRECT ANSWER Going across a row in the periodic table atom size goes down, going down a family size goes up
Mass spectrograph - CORRECT ANSWER Bent tube that bends electrons
Mass spectrometer - CORRECT ANSWER Splits particles into color sections
Naming pattern - CORRECT ANSWER Per= +1
-ite= -1
Hypo- -ite= -2
Ex: lead (IV) nitrate - CORRECT ANSWER Pb(SO4)2
Ex: lead (III) nitrate - CORRECT ANSWER Fe(NO3)3
Bond length - CORRECT ANSWER Distance between 2 atoms which will minimize potential energy in the system
Polarity rule - CORRECT ANSWER The FARTHER apart 2 elements are on the periodic table the greater the polarity
Lattice energy rule - CORRECT ANSWER Lighter atoms =higher lattice energy
Highly charged ions= higher lattice energy
Linear lone pairs and bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 0 lone pairs and 2 bonds
Trigonal planar lone pairs and bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 0 lone pairs and 3 bonds
Trigonal planar bent lone pairs/bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 1 lone pair
2 bonds
Tetrahedral lone pairs/ bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 0 lone pairs and 4 bonds
Tetrahedral trig oval bipyramidal LP/bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 1 lone pair and 3 bonds
Trigonal bipyramidal LP/Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 0 lone pairs and 5 bonds
Octahedral LP/Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 0 lone pairs and 6 bonds
Hybridized orbitals - CORRECT ANSWER When a central atom enters into binding its outer orbitals are hybridized
Heat - CORRECT ANSWER Measure of the transfer energy between two substances due to a temp difference
Temperature - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of random motion of particles in a substance
System - CORRECT ANSWER Whatever is holding the heat
Surrounding - CORRECT ANSWER Everything around what is holding the heat
Effusion - CORRECT ANSWER Particles escaping through holes in a container
Molecular theory - CORRECT ANSWER Particles are always moving
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of a fluid from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Dipole-dipole forces - CORRECT ANSWER Polar, positive ends will attract negative ends of its neighboring dipole molecules
Hydrogen bonding - CORRECT ANSWER Dipole-dipole force where hydrogen is bound to an N, O, or F and is attracted to those elements on neighboring molecules
Ion-dipole forces - CORRECT ANSWER A cation or anion is attracted to the partial negative or partial positive end of a dipole
(London) Dispersion forces - CORRECT ANSWER Dipole molecule influence other molecules to become temporary dipoles (weakest and hydrogen bonds are the strongest)
Ionic solids - CORRECT ANSWER Most salts are held together into solids by strong attractions of their ionic bonds
Molecular solids - CORRECT ANSWER Molecules with just enough inter particle forces to hold together into solids
Covalent network solids - CORRECT ANSWER Atoms are bound in more extensive ways (diamonds, sand, etc.)
Atomic solids - CORRECT ANSWER When a noble gas freezes into a crystalline lattice
Metallic solids - CORRECT ANSWER Metal atoms held together strongly by the attraction of neighboring nuclei to eachothers valence electrons
Solvent - CORRECT ANSWER The stuff that does the dissolving
Solute - CORRECT ANSWER The stuff that is dissolved
Concentrated - CORRECT ANSWER A lot of solute in a solution
Dilute - CORRECT ANSWER A little solute in a solution
Molarity - CORRECT ANSWER Moles of solute/moles of solution
Strong acids (term) - CORRECT ANSWER Have a hydrogen ion that is always separated from the negative anion, hydrogen is always listed first
Weak acids (term) - CORRECT ANSWER Have a hydrogen ion that rarely separated from the negative anion, hydrogen is always listed first
Strong bases (term) - CORRECT ANSWER Have a hydroxide ion that is always separated from the positive cation
Strong bases - CORRECT ANSWER LiOH, NaOH, KOH, PbOH, CsOH, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2
Weak bases (term) - CORRECT ANSWER Have a hydroxide ion that is sometimes separated from the positive cation
Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER Substances that dissolve in water and dissociate into ions in solution that conduct electricity
Acids+bases= - CORRECT ANSWER Salt+water
Oxidizing agents - CORRECT ANSWER Oxidize other substances and gain electrons
Reducing agents - CORRECT ANSWER Like to be oxidized and lose electrons [Show Less]