ACS Gen Chem 1 Exam 48 Questions with Verified Answers
Ion - CORRECT ANSWER A species of an element in which the number of electrons does not equal the
... [Show More] number of protons.
Isotope - CORRECT ANSWER Each isotope of an atom has a different number of neutrons.
Isoelectric - CORRECT ANSWER Two atoms with the same charge.
Isotopic - CORRECT ANSWER Two atoms with the same number of neutrons.
Transition Metal Orbitals - CORRECT ANSWER The 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital, but listed after.
Paramagnetic - CORRECT ANSWER Atoms that possess a permanent magnetic charge due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
Electropositive - CORRECT ANSWER Tending to lose electrons and form positive ions.
Tetrahedral Bond Angle - CORRECT ANSWER 109.5°
Resonance Structures - CORRECT ANSWER Two equally correct arrangements of one molecule's electrons; generally the molecule exists as an average of the two.
Polar Molecule - CORRECT ANSWER A molecule that is mostly positive on one side and mostly negative on the other.
sp³ Orbital - CORRECT ANSWER An orbital composed of one s orbital and three p orbitals; can hold eight total electrons. Tetrahedral.
Trigonal Planar - CORRECT ANSWER The way that three objects will arrange themselves around a central atom. Non-polar.
Free Radicals - CORRECT ANSWER Compounds with an odd number of electrons in their Lewis Structure. Eg. NO₂
Incomplete Octets - CORRECT ANSWER Occur in elements that can form stable bonds with less than eight electrons. Eg. BF₃
Expanded Octets - CORRECT ANSWER Occur in the third row of the periodic table and beyond in elements that can form stable bonds with more than eight electrons. Eg. XeF₂
Hydrogen Bonding - CORRECT ANSWER When hydrogen is attracted to electronegative atoms.
Sigma Bonding - CORRECT ANSWER Formed by head-on overlapping between orbitals.
Coordinate Covalent Bonding - CORRECT ANSWER A covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom; occurs most often between Lewis acids and bases.
Hybridization - CORRECT ANSWER Mathematical procedure in which the standard atomic orbitals combine to form new orbitals.
sp² Orbital - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of one s orbital and two p orbitals; can hold six total electrons. Trigonal planar.
Pi Bonding - CORRECT ANSWER Bonding occurs between orbitals that are side-by-side.
sp Orbital - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of one s and one p orbital; can hold four electrons. Linear.
Linear - CORRECT ANSWER Arrangement of two objects around a central atom. Non-polar.
Bent - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when one non-bonding pairs and two atoms are arranged around a central atom. Polar.
Tetrahedral - CORRECT ANSWER Arrangement of four objects around a central atom. Non-polar.
Trigonal Pyramidal - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when three atoms and one non-bonding pair is arranged around a central atom. Polar.
Silicon Dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER Has a unique structure; O-Si-O bonds are always 109.5°.
Formal charge - CORRECT ANSWER V - N - (B/2) where V = total valence e⁻, N = non-bonding e⁻, and B = bonding e⁻.
Isomer - CORRECT ANSWER Two molecules that are composed of the same type and number of elements but are arranged in different ways and have different properties are isomers.
Combustion of a Hydrocarbon - CORRECT ANSWER CxHy + (x + y/4)O₂ → xCO₂ + y/2H₂O
Molar Volume - CORRECT ANSWER (Vm) The volume occupied by one mole of a substance.
Molar Volume of an Ideal Gas - CORRECT ANSWER 22.414 L/mol @ STP
Limiting Reagent - CORRECT ANSWER The component of a chemical reaction that will be completely used up first.
Atomic Mass - CORRECT ANSWER Can be g/mol, kg/kmol, mg/mmol, etc.
Specific Heat - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one °C. (units: J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹)
Heat (J) - CORRECT ANSWER mass (g) x specific heat (J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹) x ΔT (°C)
Molar Heat Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER Same as specific heat, but requirement for raising 1 mole of a substance by one °C.
Bond Energy - CORRECT ANSWER The energy required to break a bond, and the energy released when a bond is formed.
Bomb Calorimeter - CORRECT ANSWER An insulated container used to study reactions at a constant volume.
Calorimeter Constant - CORRECT ANSWER Amount of energy required to raise the water surrounding the chamber of the bomb calorimeter by one °C
Gibbs Free Energy - CORRECT ANSWER ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH = change in enthalpy and ΔS = change in entropy.
Enthalpy - CORRECT ANSWER change in energy of a system.
Entropy - CORRECT ANSWER change in chaos of a system.
Free Energy - CORRECT ANSWER change in spontaneity of a system.
Boiling Point - CORRECT ANSWER The point at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals 1 atm.
Normal Melting Point - CORRECT ANSWER The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).
Graham's Law of Effusion - CORRECT ANSWER The lighter a gas's atomic weight, the faster it will escape a container.
Molarity - CORRECT ANSWER mols/L; mmols/mL [Show Less]