ACLS Final Exam Comprehensive Test Bank-Complete Solution Guide Questions and Answers, 100% Verified-Latest 2023/2024
ACLS Final Exam Comprehensive
... [Show More] TestComplete Solution Guide-Questions and
Answers, 100% Verified-Latest 2023/2024
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
respiratory failure or shock
What is cardiac arrest?
occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and stops beating or beats too
ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs
What is heart attack?
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
List the eight components of high quality CPR.
1. Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
2. Compress at a rate of 100-120/min with a depth of at least 2 inches in
adults/children and 1 1/2 inches in infants.
3. Allow complete chest recoil after each compression.
4. Minimize interruptions in compressions (limit to <10 seconds).
5. Give effective breaths that make the chest visibly rise.
6. Switch compressors about every 2 minutes or earlier if fatigued.
7. Continue delivering chest compressions while the AED is charging.
8. Avoid prolonged rhythm analysis, frequent or inappropriate pulse checks, taking
too long to give breaths to the patient, excessive ventilation, or unnecessarily
moving the patient.
What is the recommended compression depth for adults and children?
2 inches
What is the recommended compression depth for infants?
1 1/2 inches
What can result if a patient is ventilated too quickly?
hyperventilation -> excessive intrathoracic pressure and gastric inflation ->
decreased venous return -> decreased coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures ->
diminished cardiac output -> decreased rates of survival
What memory aid may be used when evaluating a patient's level of consciousness?
AVPU
Alert, responds to Verbal stimuli, responds to Painful stimuli, Unresponsive
Upon finding an unresponsive adult patient, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. Your next
action should be to:
simultaneously look for breathing and feel for a carotid pulse for no more than 10
seconds
Upon finding an unresponsive child, you verified that the scene is safe, called for
help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. Your next action should
be to:
simultaneously look for breathing and feel for a carotid or femoral pulse for no
more than 10 seconds
Upon finding an unresponsive infant, you verified that the scene is safe, called for
help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. Your next action should
be to:
simultaneously look for breathing and feel for a brachial pulse for no more than 10
seconds
Upon finding an unresponsive adult patient, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient has no pulse and is not
breathing normally. Your next action should be to:
begin chest compressions; remove clothing; use AED as soon as it arrives
Upon finding an unresponsive adult patient, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient is breathing normally
and a pulse is present. Your next action should be to:
continue to monitor until additional help arrives.
Upon finding an unresponsive infant or child, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient has no pulse and is not
breathing normally. The arrest was not sudden and not witnessed. Your next
action should be to:
begin chest compressions 30:2 (1 rescuer), 15:2 (2 rescuer); if 2 rescuers are
present, one rescuer begins CPR and the other activates the ERS; use the AED as
soon as it arrives; after about 2 min of CPR, if you are still alone, activate the ERS
and get the AED if not already done
Upon finding an unresponsive infant or child, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient has no pulse and is not
breathing normally. The arrest was sudden and witnessed. Your next action
should be to:
activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED; begin chest
compressions 30:2 (1 rescuer), 15:2 (2 rescuer)
Upon finding an unresponsive infant or child, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient is breathing normally
and a pulse is present. Your next action should be to:
activate ERS, return to victim and monitor until emergency responders arrive
Upon finding an unresponsive adult patient, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient is not breathing
normally but a pulse is present. Your next action should be to:
provide rescue breathing (one breath every 5-6 seconds) and recheck for a pulse
every 2 minutes; be ready to perform high quality CPR if you do not feel a pulse; if
opioid use is suspected, consider administering naloxone
Upon finding an unresponsive infant or child, you verified that the scene is safe,
called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. You check for
breathing and a carotid pulse simultaneously. The patient is not breathing
normally but a pulse is present. Your next action should be to:
provide rescue breathing (one every 3-5 seconds); add compressions if pulse
remains <60/min with signs of poor perfusion; activate ERS after 2 min; continue
rescue breathing and check pulse about every 2 min (if no pulse begin CPR)
What is the purpose of the primary survey?
to detect the presence of life-threatening problems that require rapid interventions
What two cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?
VF and pVT
What two cardiac arrest rhythms are not shockable?
asystole and PEA
During the primary survey, for what length of time should you assess for the
presence of a pulse?
at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds
What is the importance of measuring coronary perfusion pressure during CPR?
represents myocardial blood flow during chest compressions and is a key
determinant of the success of resuscitation
What is an adequate coronary perfusion pressure (CPP)?
15 mm Hg
What is the importance of measuring waveform capnography (PETCO2) during
CPR?
allows for evaluation of CPR quality, optimize chest compressions, detection of
ROSC during chest compressions or when a rhythm check reveals an organized
rhythm, ET tube placement
What is an adequate waveform capnogrpahy (PETCO2) range?
10-20 mm Hg
When ROSC occurs, what happens to waveform capnography?
There will be a significant increase in the ETCO2. (35-45 mmHg) This increase
represents a drastic improvement in blood flow (more CO2 being dumped in the
lungs by the circulation) which indicates circulation.
What is chest compression fraction?
the proportion of time that chest compressions are performed during a cardiac
arrest
What is the target goal of chest compression fraction during CPR?
60-80%
What is the appropriate tidal volume for adult cardiac arrest patients?
500-600 mL (half a squeeze of an adult ventilation bag; enough to see visible chest
rise)
Single rescuers should use the compression-to-ventilation ratio of ____
compressions to ____ breaths when giving CPR to victims of any age.
30:2
At what rate should compressions occur?
100-120/min
Interruptions in chest compressions should be limited to how many seconds?
<10
Rescuers should switch compressors how often?
every 5 cycles (2 min) or sooner if fatigued
What method should be utilized when opening the airway of a patient who is
suspected of having a head or neck injury?
jaw thrust
When communicating with a team member, the team leader communicates by
taking these steps:
1. The team leader gives a message, order, or assignment to a team member.
2. By receiving a clear response and eye contact, the team leader confirms that the
team member heard and understood the message.
3. The team leader listens for confirmation of task performance from the team
member before assigning another task.
What type of communication do these steps represent?
closed-loop communication
Which pulse is palpated when performing a BLS assessment on an adult?
carotid
What do agonal gasps represent?
not normal breathing; is a sign of cardiac arrest
How does one palpate a carotid pulse?
locate the trachea; slide 2-3 fingers into the groove between the trachea and the
muscles at the side of the neck; feel for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10
seconds
When should the victim be moved during chest compressions?
never unless the victim is in a dangerous environment (such as a burning building)
or if you believe you cannot perform CPR effectively in the victim's present
position or location
How does one properly perform chest compressions on an adult during
resuscitation efforts?
1. Make sure the victim is lying face-up on a firm surface.
2. Put the heel of one hand in the center of the victim's chest, on the lower half of
the sternum.
3. Put the heel of your hand on top of the first hand.
4. Straighten your arms and position your shoulders directly over your hands.
5. Rate of 100-120/min.
6. Press down at least 2 in with each compression.
7. Allow for complete chest recoil.
8. Minimize interruptions in chest compressions.
How does one properly perform the head tilt-chin lift technique?
1. Place one hand on the victim's forehead and push with your palm to tilt the head
back.
2. Place the fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the
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